Ap Biology Chapter 3 Study Guide
Chapter 3
3.1 Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
O C
NH2
H N
O C
OH
H C CH2
(a)
(b)
O
(c) Solutions: a. b. c. d. Amide, double bond Amine, carboxylic acid Double bond, ketone, ester
O OCH3
(d)
CH2OH
Aromatic ring, double bond, alcohol (a) Alcohol (d) Amine (b) Aromatic ring (e) both ketone and amine (c) Carboxylic acid (f) two double bonds
3.2 Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:
Solutions: (a). H 3C
CH3
OH
(b).
O
(c). H3C (d). H 3C (e). (f). 3.3 Identify the functional groups in the following model of arecoline, a veterinary drug used to control worms in animals. Convert the drawing into a line-bond structure and a molecular formula.
OH …show more content…
3.52 Tell whether the following pairs of compounds are identical, constitutional isomers or stereoisomers: (a) Cis-1, 3-dibromocyclohexane and trans-1, 4-dibromocyclohexane (b) 2,3-dimethylhexane and 2,5,5-trimethylpentane (c)
Cl Cl Cl Cl
and
Solution: (a) (b) (c) Constitutional isomers Constitutional isomers Identical a) Solution: Draw two constitutional isomers of cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane.
Br
Br
Br
Br
b) Solution:
Draw a stereoisomer of trans-1,3-dimethylcyclobutane.
CH3 CH3
3.53 Draw two constitutional isomers of cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane. Solution:
Br Br Br
Br
3.54 Draw a stereoisomer of trans-1,3-dimethylcyclobutane. Solution:
CH3 CH3
3.55 There are four cis-trans isomers of menthol, including the one shown. Draw the other three. Answer:
CH3 OH OH
CH(CH3)2
CH(CH3)2
CH3
CH3
CH(CH3)2 OH
CH(CH3)2 OH
CH3
3.56 Malic acid, C4H6O5, has been isolated from apples. Since this compounds reacts with 2 molar equivalents of base, it is a dicarboxylic acid. (a) (b) Draw at least five possible structures. If malic acid is a secondary alcohol, what is its structure?
Answer:
HO
3.1 Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules:
O C
NH2
H N
O C
OH
H C CH2
(a)
(b)
O
(c) Solutions: a. b. c. d. Amide, double bond Amine, carboxylic acid Double bond, ketone, ester
O OCH3
(d)
CH2OH
Aromatic ring, double bond, alcohol (a) Alcohol (d) Amine (b) Aromatic ring (e) both ketone and amine (c) Carboxylic acid (f) two double bonds
3.2 Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:
Solutions: (a). H 3C
CH3
OH
(b).
O
(c). H3C (d). H 3C (e). (f). 3.3 Identify the functional groups in the following model of arecoline, a veterinary drug used to control worms in animals. Convert the drawing into a line-bond structure and a molecular formula.
OH …show more content…
3.52 Tell whether the following pairs of compounds are identical, constitutional isomers or stereoisomers: (a) Cis-1, 3-dibromocyclohexane and trans-1, 4-dibromocyclohexane (b) 2,3-dimethylhexane and 2,5,5-trimethylpentane (c)
Cl Cl Cl Cl
and
Solution: (a) (b) (c) Constitutional isomers Constitutional isomers Identical a) Solution: Draw two constitutional isomers of cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane.
Br
Br
Br
Br
b) Solution:
Draw a stereoisomer of trans-1,3-dimethylcyclobutane.
CH3 CH3
3.53 Draw two constitutional isomers of cis-1,2-dibromocyclopentane. Solution:
Br Br Br
Br
3.54 Draw a stereoisomer of trans-1,3-dimethylcyclobutane. Solution:
CH3 CH3
3.55 There are four cis-trans isomers of menthol, including the one shown. Draw the other three. Answer:
CH3 OH OH
CH(CH3)2
CH(CH3)2
CH3
CH3
CH(CH3)2 OH
CH(CH3)2 OH
CH3
3.56 Malic acid, C4H6O5, has been isolated from apples. Since this compounds reacts with 2 molar equivalents of base, it is a dicarboxylic acid. (a) (b) Draw at least five possible structures. If malic acid is a secondary alcohol, what is its structure?
Answer:
HO