Andrew Carnegie's Use Of Vertical Integration

Andrew Carnegie thought in the process of vertical integration, in which a corporation pedals all features of assembly. He used this to his benefit by not only possessing the steel mills, but also the coal/iron grounds, the train track, and the iron ore charges. This empowers Carnegie to retail nonstop to the consumer, instead of having to go through a third person and having to recompense their payments. His use of vertical integration made him practically invulnerable to all opposition and devastated the little adversaries he did have.