Analysis of Hydrocarbons 4
Analysis of Hydrocarbons
Jennifer Alambra, Ma. Nancy Anulat, Alfonso Apepe*, Jacqueline Arsenal
3Bio4 Department of Biological Sciences - College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila
ABSTRACT The unknown hydrocarbon sample was differentiated and characterized by the use of three tests. The outcomes of these tests are as follows: Nitration test (negative), Bromine test (positive) and Basic Oxidation test (positive). From these results the unknown sample can be classified as non-aromatic and unsaturated.
INTRODUCTION
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms. They include the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively non-polarity, all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. When hydrocarbons burn in sufficient oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are the sole products. The main structural difference among hydrocarbon families is the presence of double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. The alkanes are saturated organic compounds, or those with only single bonds. Unsaturated organic compounds are those which have double or triple bonds. [1]
Many common natural substances, e.g., natural gas, petroleum, and asphalt, are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. The coal tar obtained from coal by coking is also a mixture of hydrocarbons. Natural gas, petroleum, and coal tar are important sources of many hydrocarbons. These complex mixtures can be refined into simpler mixtures or pure substances by fractional distillation. During the refining of petroleum, one kind of hydrocarbon is often converted to another, more useful kind by cracking. Useful hydrocarbon mixtures include cooking gas, gasoline, naphtha, benzene, kerosene, paraffin, and lubricating oils. Many hydrocarbons are useful as fuels; they burn in air to form carbon dioxide and water.
The hydrocarbons differ in chemical activity. The alkanes are unaffected by many common reagents, while the alkenes and alkynes are
Jennifer Alambra, Ma. Nancy Anulat, Alfonso Apepe*, Jacqueline Arsenal
3Bio4 Department of Biological Sciences - College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila
ABSTRACT The unknown hydrocarbon sample was differentiated and characterized by the use of three tests. The outcomes of these tests are as follows: Nitration test (negative), Bromine test (positive) and Basic Oxidation test (positive). From these results the unknown sample can be classified as non-aromatic and unsaturated.
INTRODUCTION
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms. They include the alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively non-polarity, all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. When hydrocarbons burn in sufficient oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are the sole products. The main structural difference among hydrocarbon families is the presence of double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. The alkanes are saturated organic compounds, or those with only single bonds. Unsaturated organic compounds are those which have double or triple bonds. [1]
Many common natural substances, e.g., natural gas, petroleum, and asphalt, are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons. The coal tar obtained from coal by coking is also a mixture of hydrocarbons. Natural gas, petroleum, and coal tar are important sources of many hydrocarbons. These complex mixtures can be refined into simpler mixtures or pure substances by fractional distillation. During the refining of petroleum, one kind of hydrocarbon is often converted to another, more useful kind by cracking. Useful hydrocarbon mixtures include cooking gas, gasoline, naphtha, benzene, kerosene, paraffin, and lubricating oils. Many hydrocarbons are useful as fuels; they burn in air to form carbon dioxide and water.
The hydrocarbons differ in chemical activity. The alkanes are unaffected by many common reagents, while the alkenes and alkynes are