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An Examination of the Tiv/Jukun Conflict of North Central Nigeria On Development

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An Examination of the Tiv/Jukun Conflict of North Central Nigeria On Development
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AN EXAMINATION OF THE TIV/JUKUN CONFLICT OF NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA ON DEVELOPMENTmore by UKERTOR MOTI
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Hide Sidebar level, but also not paying enough attention to the micro-level effects of development and conflictin society (Barbanti, 2004).In discussing development in conflict, some questions arise: What about situations where peacekeeping fails and conflict continues? How can development take place in chaos, wherethere is intractable conflict, where state and local institutions are absent and where conflict seemsendemic? These are similar questions that came to mind in the work of Andrews (1999), aUnited Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) worker in Rwanda and eastern Congowho reflected on his work, the institution he worked for and the context of conflict. Andrewsworked in refugee camps, helping to establish infrastructure and basic services. As long asinternational attention focused on the region, resources flowed in from agencies and the campsfunctioned adequately to provide the basic requirements of life. Yet, the prospects for the returnof refugees to their former homes were minimal. This is a similar dilemma in the Tiv/Jukuntheatre of conflict.While some astute scholars of the development process have recently sought to remind us that“violence and prosperity” (Bates, 2000) essentially go hand in hand, the prevailing policywisdom (World Bank, 2003), continues to assert that sustained conflict in low-income countriesis primarily a product of ethnic diversity, acts of greed or grievance, weak institutions, low socialcohesion or simply poverty itself.
Background to and causes of the Tiv/Jukun Conflict
Central to the conflict is the constitutional issue of citizenship rights encapsulated in theexplosive dichotomy between “settlers” and “indigenes”. There is competition for access toresources between those that consider themselves as “indigenes” (the



References: ACCORD/UNHCR (2002), 8 th European Country of Origin Information Seminar, Vienna, 28-29June – Final Report.Andrews, Jonathan (1999), “Rethinking Development in Conflict: Lessons and Impressions fromthe Africa Great Lakes” Unpublished MPhil thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North.Barbanti, Jr., Olympio. “Development and Conflict Theory” Beyond Intractability. Eds. GuyBurgess and Heidi Burgess. Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, Boulder.Posted: August 2004.http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/develoment . Accessed 26 January 2010 .Bates, Robert (2000), Violence and Prosperity: The Political Economy of Development. NewYork: Norton.Bohannan, Paul and Bohannan Laura (1953), The Tiv of Central Nigeria. London: InternationalAfrican Institute.Chabal, Patrick and Jean-Pascal Dalog (1999), Africa Works: “Disorder as a PoliticalInstrument”. London: James Currey.Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler (2004), ‘Violent Conflict’ in Global Problems: Global Solutions,B. Lomberg (ed.), Cambridge University Press.Cowen, M. P. and Shenton, R. W. (1998), Doctrines of Development. London and New York:Routledge.Duffield, M. (1998), “Aid Policy and Post- Modern Conflict: A Critical Review” DiscussionPaper, International Development, School of Public Policy, University of Birmingham, UK.European Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation (EPCPT), 1999.Frank, Andre Gunder (1966), “The Development of Underdevelopment” Monthly Review , Vol.18, N0. 4 (17-31).Hagher, Iyorwuese (2002), Beyond Hate and Violence. Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Limited,Ibadan.Human Rights Watch, (HRW) 2002. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), 2001.Jooji, Innocent (2003), Mending the Cracked Pot: Perspectives on Conflict, Non-Violence,Social Justice and Reconciliation in Nigeria. Ibadan, Daily Graphics Nigeria Limited.Laurel, L. Northouse and Peter G. Northouse (1998), Health Communications: Strategies for Health Professionals. Appleton and Lange Stanford, Connecticut.McMichael, P. (1996), Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective. Thousand Oaks:Pine Forge Press. Nigeria: Tiv/Jukun Crisis Hampers Cattle Trade.http://allafrica.com/stories200112110609 html.Accessed 30th January 2010. Nordstrom, Carolyn (1997), A Different Kind of Story. Philadelphia: University of PennsylvaniaPress. Norwegian Refugee Council, (NRC) 2005.Overton, John (2000), Development in Chaos? Paper for the DevNet Conference, Wellington,17-19 November.http://www.overton.pdf . Accessed 4 February 2010.Reyna, S. P., and R. E. Downs (ed.) (1999), Deadly Developments: Capitalism, States and War. New York: Gordon and Beach Publishers.Rist, G. (1997), The History of Development. London: Zed Books.Rubin, Jeffrey Z.; Dean G. Pruitt, and Sung Hee Kim (1994), Social Conflict: Escalation,Stalemate and Settlement. McGraw Hill Inc.Stephen Jackson (2001), “The Challenges and Contradictions of Development and Conflict” ABackground Paper for the INCORE Summer School, June 10-14.http://SJ. Paper.pdf. Accessed1 February, 2010.Tilly, Charles (1975), “Reflections on the History of European State Making” in The Formationof National States in Western Europe, ed. Charles Tilly. Princeton, NJ. Princeton UniversityPressToure, Katheryn (2001), Impact of Conflict in Africa.United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Low Key Assessment Mission, 2002.World Bank (2003), Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. New York:Oxford University Press.Yamusa, Grace Ake (1992), The Story of the Jukun/Tiv Crises.

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