Intellectual Development depends on the opportunity given to a child from an early age. It is important to understand that all children learn in different stages. A task one child may be able to do; another may struggle at, due to the individual’s strengths and abilities.…
This narrative essay covers the 3 new elements of evidence which have been found through research about the early psychological development of young children. First, the things the child already knows from the point they are born. Secondly, the rapid ability a child has to learn. Thirdly, the role a parent has in the psychological development of the child. Allison discusses that a newborn is capable of imitating another as “early as being 42 minutes old” (Gopnik 238), and by the time the child is nine months old, they are able to detect emotion. While younger children like to observe, two year-olds will begin to explore, and the more something is forbidden from a child the more they will want it. By the time children are 36 months old, they start to learn very quickly through observing the behavior and reactions their parents have to certain objects and alter their own views based on the views of the…
When a child is born it goes through various stages of this development by understanding their environment from birth they can also process all the information around them using their developing thinking skills this then grows with age.…
Children are a mixture of many parts which intertwine in different ways and change over time. A very crucial aspect of their development is their cognitive development. Cognitive development “is change or stability in mental abilities such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning and creativity and psycho-social development which is change and stability in emotions, personality and social relationships” (Adesola, A. F., PhD., & Olufunmilayo, O. E., PhD., 2013). The influence of what happens in the mind of children has several different theories…
As children interact with the environment they slowly organise their thoughts and develop a set of…
Since human nature is controlled by the individual mind, the only way to come up with some possible explanation is to study the development of the mind, and the impact that society and the environment have on it. In this paper, I will present a brief reflection of my past experiences, my present situation, then analyze how they factor in to the person that I am today using the adult development theories from this class. I will also present my future goals and…
The theory that mainly focuses on these two factors is known as the cognitive theory. Cognitive theorists believe that a person’s expectations and thoughts greatly affect their actions. The most well-known cognitive theorist was a Swiss scientist by the name of Jean Piaget. What made him different from other theorists of his time is that he noticed that babies were very curious and had many thoughts. He started studying his own three babies and in his later years started studying older children. Piaget created the central thesis for the cognitive theory. That theory stated that how people think changes through time and through experiences. Piaget believed that cognitive development happened in four main stages. Birth to two years of age is known as sensorimotor. At this time infants use their motor abilities and different senses to try and understand the world. The second age group is known as preoperational. At this stage children start thinking more poetically and magically. They begin using their language skills to interpret their surroundings. The third age group, from six to eleven, is known as concrete operational. Children at this stage have a much stronger grasp on reality. Logical operations are much more understandable and easier to apply. They can approach a situation in a more rational manner at this stage. Their thinking however, is strictly limited to what they can physically experience. If…
Piaget had noticed that children of similar ages were inclined to make similar mistakes which were then confirmed in the observations of his own children. Piaget used the term schemas, he proposed that the first schemas were formed during the reflex stage in a baby. These schemas are “which helps people to organise their thinking and shape their understanding of the world around them” (Scott et al, 2008, pg71). Something later then happens which may cause feel of discomfort which Piaget referred to as disequilibrium which causes us to rethink the schema which was created know as assimilation. In order to restore equilibrium (feeling of comfort) again we have to rethink and readjust our thinking which is known as accommodation. To explain his theory Piaget used the idea of stages to describe development and stated that children move through a series of stages and that “no stage can be missed out” (Meggitt, Walker, 2004, pg109). “Piaget stresses that these stages are not fixed or definite” (Hayes, 1993, pg123). The sensorimotor stage (0-2yrs) is when the child learns through their senses and “interactions with objects by seeing what they can do” (Daly et al, 2009, pg80) Object permanence this is when a child understands that people and objects are permanent and exist even when cannot be seen this occurs between 7-9months.…
Babies begin to develop and learn while in their mother’s womb, and the last three months of Pre-Birth are crucial for their development. When they are born they can recognize familiar sounds and have developed some taste buds. The brain continues to grow until the age of three, this is when the hard-wiring in the brain is almost complete. Babies develop better when they have the best learning experiences from an early age, this is important as it helps their brain to develop, and shape them into the people they will become later in life. The environment a child is exposed to, and other factors before birth and in the very early years, will have a massive impact on how they develop holistically.…
Each theoretical perspective regards children and adults as active contributors to their own development. Information Processing began with the idea that the human mind can act as a manipulating system through which information flows. It is a perspective that demonstrates people that learn from their thinking to solve a problem. It is suggested that younger people use this skill more efficiently than older people. However, it is still believed that children and adults actively tackle many cognitive tasks using this approach. Developmental Psychology refers to the idea that each individual goes through a short period of time in which the individuals are “biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs support of an appropriately stimulating environment”. If one fails to actively go through this short but critical life phase it is suggested that intelligence will be impaired and cannot be retrieved in adult years because the capacity to acquire the knowledge has been reduced. Vigotsky’s Sociocultural Theory suggests that adults learn their culture as they develop and pass this knowledge down to their children. This maintains cultural specific beliefs and practices that allow cultures to continuously maintain a population. Social interaction which is included in this theory suggests that by allowing children and adults to socialize with older generations, the children and adults will have guidance and grow to behave and think similarly to the older generations. The Ecological Systems Theory suggests that environmental forces and a child’s biological dispositions enforce development. The activities and interactions in a person’s immediate surrounds allow a person to develop (Berk, L.E., 2010).…
Basic human needs play a large part in human development and if all needs are not met at the appropriate ages the child may never have the capacity to use that part of their brain again, which means they might not ever be able to learn certain skills even if given the opportunity (Macionis J. and Gerber L. 2002,p.113). The different stages of human development fall into categories that were argued by psychologists to be the normal ways for a human to develop into a adult.All of these psychologists' findings, further support the importance of social experience on the developing human mind.One psychologist in particular was Jean Piaget (1896-1980) he studied cognitive development in normal well adjusted humans then broke, what he believed was human development, it into four stages, the first being the sensimotor stage. This stage suggests that for the first two years of life children learn entirely through their five senses. The second stage is the preoperational stage, this is the stage that the use of language is beginning. Finally there is the formal operational stage, which is when individuals begin to think and reason on their own (Macionis J. and Gerber L.…
It is not commonly known that the brain is 90% developed by age five. Most people believe that at age five children are just starting to learn. In fact, the brain absorbs more from birth to age five rather than from age five on. Parents and family can do many things to aid in the development of a baby’s brain, ultimately assisting in their learning. The sequence and rate at which the brain develops predicts the optimal times for a baby to learn. Sequence and rate is measured by milestones that a baby may reach by a certain age. Experiences are one thing that helps promote brain development. Our five senses give us these experiences. How in the first few years of life do we develop into the complex people we are today? We will look at how nature versus nurture; sensory perception; positive and negative experiences and both our social and physical environment contribute to and develop everything about whom we are as individuals.…
The article “The Secret to Raising Smart Kids” by Carol S. Dweck focuses on the two different mind-sets that people have and how it affects their learning process. In the article Dweck explains her theory about the two general classes of learners- helpless versus mastery-oriented. She claims that a mastery-oriented child will feel that intelligence can be improved through education. However, a helpless child will believe that intelligence is something that is fixed and that a person only has a certain amount of intelligence. She also explained about how a helpless child will run away from challenges whereas a mastery-oriented child will be excited because it gives them a chance to learn.…
Infants and toddlers learn about themselves and their world during interactions with others. Brain connections that lead to later success grow out of nurturing, supportive and predictable care. This type of caregiving fosters child curiosity, creativity and self-confidence. Young children need safety, love, conversation and a stimulating environment to develop and keep important synapses in the brain. During the first 3 years of life, children experience the world in a more complete way than children of any other age. The brain takes in the external world through its system of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. This means that infant social, emotional, cognitive, physical and language development are stimulated during multisensory experiences. Infants and toddlers need the opportunity to participate in a world filled with stimulating sights, sounds and people.…
The processing for a child’s early development is connecting with bearing with both side of the parent. The child’s cognitive can be develop at a constant level if the children is well taking care of at home. Ages two through six is the most frequent time young parent are in need for help for daycare, while staying home for children with parent can encourage the children to learn to understand concrete logic, mentally manipulate information and able to take the point of view of other, this stage is called Preoperational stage. Heading to ages seven and elven, it’s called a concrete operational stage, the children during this stage can gain a better understanding of the operations, and begin to think logically. While during this time, cognitive from the early childhood will help the child to think affectively and led to the right way.…