APA Reference Models

APA Reference List Models
This guide contains examples of references in APA style. The references are grouped by category: periodicals; books and reference books; technical and research reports; meetings and symposia; doctoral dissertations and master’s theses; reviews and peer commentary; audiovisual media; data sets, software, measurement instruments, and apparatus; unpublished and informally published works; archival documents and collections; and internet message boards, electronic mailing lists, and other online communities. In addition, general samples of corresponding citations are provided within each reference category.

Periodicals
Items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines, newspapers, and newsletters.
E., Wright, D. L., & Bisel, T. M. (2005). State Higher Education Finance, FY 2004. (SHEF Report). Retrieved from State Higher Education Officers: http://www.sheeo.org

Citing paraphrased information: Paraphased text (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008) or As identified by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2008), paraphrased text. Citing quoted information: “Quote” (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, p. 3) or As stated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2008), “quote” (p. 3). Citing electronic reports: If a page number is not available use paragraph numbers (use the abbreviation para.). If the document includes headings but does not provide page or paragraph numbers, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following the heading. For example, (Wilson, 2010, “Educating Adults,” para. 2).

Meetings and Symposia
Proceedings of meetings and symposia that are published in book or periodical form. To cite published proceedings from a book, use the same format as a book or chapter from a book. To cite proceedings that are published regularly, use the same format for a
Expression studio 4 ultimate [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.microsoft.com/expression/ Citing paraphrased information: Paraphased text (Microsoft, 2010) or As identified by Microsoft (2010) in describing the features of Expression Studio 4, paraphrased text. Citing quoted information: “Quote” (Microsoft, 2010, “Product Specifications”) or As stated by Microsoft (2010), “quote” (“Product Specifications”). Citing electronic work: If a page number is not available use paragraph numbers (use the abbreviation para.). If the document includes headings but does not provide page or paragraph numbers, cite the heading and the number of the paragraph following the heading. For example, (Wilson, 2010, “Educating Adults,” para. 2).

Unpublished and Informally Published Works
Work that is in progress, has been submitted for publication or has been completed but not submitted for publication. Also includes work that is available on a personal or institutional website.
Reference List Format: Unpublished work Example: Unpublished manuscript with a university cited Example: Informally published or self-archived work, from ERIC In-text citation samples Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year). Title of manuscript. Unpublished manuscript [or “Manuscript submitted for publication,” or “Manuscript in preparation”].

Andrews, N. A. (1992). Athletic training and sports management programs. Unpublished manuscript. College of Education and Health Professions, University