rizal chapter 1

Chapter 6In Sunny Spain (1882-1885)(Summary)
Introduction

Jose Rizal finished his medical course in the University of Santo Tomas. Then he decided to complete his studies in Spain due to the radical prejudice of Dominican Professors against Filipino Students. Aside from this ostensible reason,
He had a “Secret Mission”, which was more important than finishing his studies.

Rizal’s Secret Mission The secret mission of Rizal is to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government laws of European nation in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of liberating hisfellow-men.His mission was approved by his older brother Paciano, Rizal leave without permission and blessing from his parents.

Secret Departure for Spain
The departure of Rizal was kept secret to avoid the detection by the Spanish authorities and the friars, even his own parents. Only selected person knows the secret departure of Rizal, including his brother Paciano and the Ateneo Jesuit fathers. The Jesuit priests gave him letters of recommendation to the members of their Society in Barcelona. On May3, 1882, Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.

Singapore
During the voyage, Rizal observed the he is the only Filipino on the ship. The ship captain, Donato Lecha, from Asturias, Spain, befriend him. On May 9, 1882, the Ship docked at Singapore. Rizal landed, registered at the Hotel de la Paz,and spent two days for sightseeing; there he saw the statue of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles (founder of Singapore).

From Singapore to Colombo

Rizal transferred to ship Djemnah, and he left to Europe on May 11. It wasa French vessel therefore French mostly spoken on board. On May 17, Djemnah reach Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).The following day, Djemnah resume the voyage, after a few hours of sailing, they reach Colombo, the capital of Ceylon on the same day.

First Trip through Suez Canal
From Colombo, Djemnah continued the voyage crossing the Indian Oceanto the Cape of Guardafui, Africa, and then a stopover on Aden. From Aden Djemnah Djemnah proceeded to the city of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. It took five days to traverse the Suez Canal. At Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal, Rizal landed and he was fascinated to hear the multi-racial inhabitants speaking Babel of tongues.
Naples and Marseilles

From Port Said, the Djemnah proceeded on its way to Europe. On June 11, Rizal reached Naples. On the night of June 12, the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles. He stayed two and a half day in Marseilles, he visited the Famous Chateau d’lf, where Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte Cristo.

Barcelona

On the afternoon of May 15, Rizal left Marseilles by train; he crossed the Pyrences and stopped for a day at Port Bou. After the passport inspection at Port Bou, he contributes his journey, and he reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona was unfavorable; he found out that the people were open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous. The Filipinos in Barcelona, some of whom even his schoolmates on the Ateneo, welcome Rizal.

Amor Patria

Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled “Amor
Patria” (Love of Country), his first article written on Spanish’s soil. He sent the article to Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of Diaryong Tagalog, under his pen-name Laong Laan. Amor Patria appeared on the newspaper on August 20, 1882, with tagalong version translated by M.H.Del Pilar. Rizal wrote again for Diaryong Tagalog; Los Viajes (Travels), Revisita de Madrid (Review of Madrid), unfortunately Diaryong Tagalog had ceased publication for lack of funds.

Manila Moves to Madrid

Sad news, on September 15, 1882, Rizal received a letter from Paciano, according to the letter, Philippines was ravaging by epidemic. Another sad news from Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio, intimate friend), Leonora Rivera was began to be unhappy because of the absence of Rizal. In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882) Paciano advice Rizal to finish his medical course in Madrid, therefore, Rizal establish himself to Madrid.

Life in Madrid

On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two courses – Medical and Philosophy and Letters. Rizal is thirst for knowledge; he studied a lot in Madrid and on his leisure times are reading and writing, sometimes he is attending the reunions of Filipino Students.

PARIS TO BERLIN (1885-1887)

-Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology²Rizal chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother¶s eye ailment
IN GAY PARIS (1885-1886 Maximo Viola - a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan, Rizal’s friend.

Señor Eusebio Corominas - editor of the newspaper La Publicidad and made a crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and a stasman.

Rizal gave Editor Corominas an article on the Carolines Question, then a controversial issue, for publication.

November 1885, Rizal was living in Paris where he sojourned for about four months

Dr.Louis de Weckert(1852-1906)- leading French ophthalmologist wherein Rizal worked as an assistant from November 1885 to February 1886.

Paz Pardo de Tavera- was a pretty girl, who was engaged to Juan Luna

At the studio of Luna, Rizal spent many happy hours. Rizal helped Luna by posing as model in several paintings.

In Luna’s canvas
The Death of leopatra- Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest. In another of Luna’s great paintings,
The Blood Compact- he posed as Sikatuna, with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera taking therole of Legazpi. November 27, 1878- Rizp told Enrique Lete that he Learne the solfeggio, the piano, the voice culture in one month and a half. By sheer determination and constant practice, Rizal came to play the flute fairly well. He was a flutist invarious impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris

Alin Mang Lahi (AnyRace)-a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts that any race aspires for freedom

La Deportacion(Deportation)- a sad danza which Rizal composed in Dapitan during his exile.
IN HISTORIC HEIDELBERG February 1, 1886 - Rizal reluctantly left gay Paris fro Germany
February 3, 1886- Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany famous for its old university and romantic surroundings
Chess Player’s Club- a club wherein the students made Rizal as a member because of being a good chess player
Dr.Otto Becker - distinguished German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked
University Eye Hospital
April 22, 1886- Rizal wrote a fine poem

A Las Flores de Heidelberg´ (To the Flowers of Heidelberg) In the spring of 1886, Rizal was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the cool banks of the Neckar River. Among them was his favorite flower.
The light blue forget-me-not´
Wilhelmsfeld- a mountainous village near Heidelberg where Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation Dr. Karl Ullmer - a kind Protestant pastor where Rizal stayed, who became his good friend and admirer
June 25, 1886- Rizal ended his sojourn at Pastor Ullmer’s home
May 29, 1887- Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz), son of Pastor Ullmer.
July 31, 1886- Rizal wrote his first letter in German (which he had improved after his stay with theUllmers) to Professor Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria
Aritmetica (Arithmetic)- Rizal sent this book he mentioned and was published in two languages Spanish and Tagalog²by the University of Santo Tomas Press in 1868. The author was
Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz, Laguna

August 6, 1886- the famous University of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration
IN LEIPZIG And DRESDEN
August 9, 1886- Rizal left Heidelberg
August 14, 1886- boarded by a train. Rizal arrived in Leipzig

Fifth Centenary of Heidelberg University

 The famous University of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration on August 6, 1886 where Rizal had witnessed the said celebration.

In Leipzig and Dresden

 August 14, 1886 – Rizal arrived in Leipzig
 He attended some lectures at the University of Leipzig on history and psychology.
 He befriended Prof. Friedrich Ratzel, a famous historian, and Dr. Hans Meyer, German anthropologist.
 Rizal found out that the cost of living in Leipzig was the cheapest in Europe so he stayed for 2 months and a half.
 On October 29, he went to Dresden, where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, the Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.

Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Scientific Circles

 Rizal was enchanted by Berlin because of its scientific atmosphere and the absence of race prejudice.
 Some scientists Rizal met are:
 Dr. Feodor Jagor – German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the Philippines
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow – famous German anthropologist
 Dr. W. Joest – German geographer
 Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – famous German ophthalmologist

Rizal’s Life in Berlin

 Five reasons why Rizal stayed in Berlin:
 to gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
 To further his studies of science and languages
 To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation
 To associate with famous German scientists and scholars
 To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere
 Rizal worked as an assistant in the clinic of Dr. Scweigger, and at night, he attended lectures in the University of Berlin.
 He also took private lessons in French under Madame Lucie Cerdole.

Rizal on German Women

 Rizal sent a letter to his sister, Trinidad, dated on March 11, 1886. In his letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for German womanhood. Rizal said that German woman is serious, diligent, educated and friendly.

German Customs

 Some of the German customs Rizal admired:
 On Yuletide season, people will select a pine tree from the bushes and adorned it with lanterns, papers, lights, dolls, candies, fruits, etc.
 Self-introduction to strangers in a social gathering.

Rizal’s Darkest Winter

 The winter of 1886 in Berlin was his darkest winter.
 He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke.
 He could not pay his landlord and he was eating only one meal a day.
 His clothes were old and threadbare.
 His health broke down due to lack of proper nourishment.
 This is one of the most memorable days in the life of Rizal.

Chapter 8

NOLI ME TANGERE Published in Berlin (1887)

“The novel is the first impartial and bold account of the life of the Tagalogs. The Filipinos will find in it the history of the last 10 years” -Jose Rizal on Noli Me Tangere

NOLI ME TANGERE Published in Berlin (1887)

• bleak winter of 1886 was memorable in the life of rizal

first, painful – hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city

second – brought him great joy, after enduring so much sufferings, his first novel came of the press

• Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887

• Dr. Maximo Viola, his friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height o9f his despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel.

1. Idea of writing a novel on the Philippines

a. Reading “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe that portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro slaves, inspired Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of the Spanish tyrants (student at the Central University of Madrid)

b. January 2, 1884, Filipino reunion in Paterno residence in Madrid, Rizal proposed the writing of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos.

c. Proposal approved unanimously by: The Paternos (Pedro, Maximo and Antonio)

i. Graciano Lopez Jaena

ii. Evaristo Aguirre

iii. Eduardo de Lete

iv. Julio Llorente

v. Melecio Figueroa

vi. Valentin Ventura

d. Unfortunately, his project did not materialize, those who were expected to collaborate on the novel did not write anything.

i. Novel designed to cover all phases of Philippine Life

ii. Everybody wanted to write on women – Rizal was disgusted by this

iii. Rizal determined to write the novel – alone

2. The Writing of the Noli

a. Toward the...