Intravenous Fluid Selection
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EQA
CHAPTER
3
Intravenous Fluid Selection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe and differentiate colloid and crystalloid IV fluids Understand osmosis as it pertains to water movement with IV therapy Define tonicity and the actions of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic crystalloids in the body Identify the three most common IV solutions used in the prehospital setting, and classify them as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic Describe how an IV fluid is packaged and important information located on the label of the IV fluid
KEY TERMS
5% Dextrose in water—A carbohydrate solution that uses glucose (sugar) as the solute dissolved in sterile water. Five percent dextrose in water is packed as an isotonic solution but becomes hypotonic once in the body because the glucose (solute) dissolved in sterile water is metabolized rapidly by the body’s cells. Colloid solutions—IV fluids containing large proteins and molecules that tend to stay within the vascular space (blood vessels). Crystalloid solutions—IV fluids containing varying concentrations of electrolytes. D5W—See 5% dextrose in water. Extracellular space—Space outside the cells consisting of the intravascular and interstitial spaces.
GRIDLINE SET IN 1ST-PP TO INDICATE SAFE AREA; TO BE REMOVED AFTER 1ST-PP
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CHAPTER 3 Intravenous Fluid Selection
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Hypertonic crystalloid—A crystalloid solution that has a higher concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma. Hypotonic crystalloid—A crystalloid solution that has a lower concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma. Intracellular space—Space within the cells. Intravascular volume—Volume of blood contained within the blood vessels. Intravenous fluids—Chemically prepared solutions that are administered to a patient through
EQA
CHAPTER
3
Intravenous Fluid Selection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe and differentiate colloid and crystalloid IV fluids Understand osmosis as it pertains to water movement with IV therapy Define tonicity and the actions of isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic crystalloids in the body Identify the three most common IV solutions used in the prehospital setting, and classify them as isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic Describe how an IV fluid is packaged and important information located on the label of the IV fluid
KEY TERMS
5% Dextrose in water—A carbohydrate solution that uses glucose (sugar) as the solute dissolved in sterile water. Five percent dextrose in water is packed as an isotonic solution but becomes hypotonic once in the body because the glucose (solute) dissolved in sterile water is metabolized rapidly by the body’s cells. Colloid solutions—IV fluids containing large proteins and molecules that tend to stay within the vascular space (blood vessels). Crystalloid solutions—IV fluids containing varying concentrations of electrolytes. D5W—See 5% dextrose in water. Extracellular space—Space outside the cells consisting of the intravascular and interstitial spaces.
GRIDLINE SET IN 1ST-PP TO INDICATE SAFE AREA; TO BE REMOVED AFTER 1ST-PP
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EQA
CHAPTER 3 Intravenous Fluid Selection
21
Hypertonic crystalloid—A crystalloid solution that has a higher concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma. Hypotonic crystalloid—A crystalloid solution that has a lower concentration of electrolytes than the body plasma. Intracellular space—Space within the cells. Intravascular volume—Volume of blood contained within the blood vessels. Intravenous fluids—Chemically prepared solutions that are administered to a patient through