Alphabet of Lines
The Alphabet of Lines in Technical Drawing
Lines in technical drawings are part of a specialized graphic language that is standardized throughout industry.
Each type of line has a very precise symbolic meaning.
Correct usage of this "alphabet of lines" is essential whether you use traditional drafting methods or CAD. Line weight is the thickness of the line.
Construction lines and guide lines are very light, easily erased lines used to block in the main layout.
Visible lines are the edges or "outlines" of an object. They are drawn as solid lines with a thick/heavy weight. All other lines contrast with the visible lines by having either a thinner weight and/or a combination of dashes.
The following chart shows technical drawing lines that describe a piece of machinery with a swinging arm. All of the red "bent arrow" lines with notes are the leaders. Make sure you understand the use of the cutting plane line to show the section. Make sure you understand the use of the viewing plane line to show an additional view. Note the jagged break line to indicate that this is only part of the object. Note the difference between the phantom lines that show where the arm swings, and the hidden line that allows you to see through the machine.
Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane,resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometric projections. A lens providing an orthographic projection is known as an (object-space) telecentric lens.
The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is also parallel with the projection plane.
Orthographic Views
Orthographic
Lines in technical drawings are part of a specialized graphic language that is standardized throughout industry.
Each type of line has a very precise symbolic meaning.
Correct usage of this "alphabet of lines" is essential whether you use traditional drafting methods or CAD. Line weight is the thickness of the line.
Construction lines and guide lines are very light, easily erased lines used to block in the main layout.
Visible lines are the edges or "outlines" of an object. They are drawn as solid lines with a thick/heavy weight. All other lines contrast with the visible lines by having either a thinner weight and/or a combination of dashes.
The following chart shows technical drawing lines that describe a piece of machinery with a swinging arm. All of the red "bent arrow" lines with notes are the leaders. Make sure you understand the use of the cutting plane line to show the section. Make sure you understand the use of the viewing plane line to show an additional view. Note the jagged break line to indicate that this is only part of the object. Note the difference between the phantom lines that show where the arm swings, and the hidden line that allows you to see through the machine.
Orthographic projection (or orthogonal projection) is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane,resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. It is further divided into multiview orthographic projections and axonometric projections. A lens providing an orthographic projection is known as an (object-space) telecentric lens.
The term orthographic is also sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the axis or plane of the object is also parallel with the projection plane.
Orthographic Views
Orthographic