Post World War I Turkish Reforms Mustafa Kemal served as founder and president of the new Republic of Turkey for 15 years‚ from 1923 to his death in 1938. He introduced numerous sweeping reforms that altered the political‚ social‚ legal‚ economic‚ and cultural spheres of the new republic. His goal: to raise Turkey to the level of modern civilization. 6 groups of major reforms: 1. political reforms November 1922‚ abolishment of sultanate October 1923‚ proclamation of republic March 3
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The fight for independence has long been a part of numerous societies’ individuality and identity. During the eighteenth and early nineteenth century‚ the Greeks of the Ottoman Empire fought against the Turks for their freedom and autonomy. The Greek’s movement against Ottoman rule attracted various groups of people who developed distinct views of them and their well being. While many supported the Greeks and their liberating fight for emancipation‚ there were those who opposed them and their
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of the essential characteristics of the Ottoman modernization since‚ roughly to say‚ the second half of the nineteenth century; early writings on the history of the Turks began at the same time and by the end of the century‚ Turkism‚ then denoting Turkish nationalism‚ became one of the cornerstones of political thought among intellectuals. Populism was one of the components of the ideology of the Committee of Union and Progress‚ which was the party in power in between 1908-18. Etatism emerged as practical
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isolation of Northanger Abbey‚ and her ability to overcome the rigidity and extreme order of the place‚ she learns the differences in social spheres. Further‚ in her perseverance in Northanger as opposed to the freedom and lack of social regulation in Bath‚ and Catherine’s education in learning how to read both
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person ’s cultural identity. This was exemplified in Sibel and Cahit‚ in the movie‚ "Head On." Alienation affected Sibel and Cahit ’s Turkish identity because of their time away from Turkey. The combination of alienation and their time away from Turkey has distanced them from their Turkish identity; however they are also alienated in Germany because they are Turkish and do not fit into German society in the same way as a German. Alienation distances a person from that which should be natural to
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Religious holidays in Turkey There are two religious holidays or feasts‚ the first is Seker Bayrami (3 days) which comes immediately after 30 days of fasting in the Ramadan and the second is Kurban Bayrami (4 days) which follows 70 days after Seker Bayrami. In Turkish‚ Bayram is "feast" or "holiday"‚ seker is "sweets" and kurban is a "sacrifice". The dates of religious holidays come 10 days earlier each year because of the difference between the Lunar Year (354 days) and the Solar Year (365 days). Although not
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From 1915 to 1918‚ the Turkish leaders of the Ottoman Empire carried out the killings of 1.5 million Armenians living there at the time. Over the course of those terrible 3 years‚ innocent people were murdered with death marches‚ execution‚ drowning‚ burning and other inhumane ways. Turkey has refused to take blame‚ and even denied the genocide’s existence and occurrence. There has been much dispute about whether or not countries outside of Armenia and Turkey should recognize these mass killings
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was a Turkish nationalist and political leader who was instrumental in the fall of the Ottoman sultanate and in the creation of modern Turkey‚ was also the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. Kemal devoted his life to freeing Turkey from foreign domination. Under his benevolent dictatorship as president of the republic‚ he instituted lasting reforms that earned him the name Atatürk (the father of the Turks). Kemal was born in Salonika (now Greece‚ but then part of Turkish Macedonia)
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ago I went to summer camp for Greek-Cypriot and Turkish-Cypriot children. When I told my best friend about it she laughed at me‚ so I didn’t want to go. But my daddy said I had to go and see for myself what it was like. I went there expecting to see monsters and instead I saw children just like me. We played games and told jokes. We had the same hobbies and our grandmothers cooked the same kind of food. I was amazed. That was when I realized that Turkish-Cypriots are the same as us. It was silly of
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forever? Section A: Plan of Investigation In 1923 the 500 year old Ottoman Empire collapsed and from its ashes arose the Turkish republic led by Mustafa Kemal pasha who was later know as Ataturk (father of the Turks). With this new revival came many changes. The new nation was changed from Islamic to secular; the Ottoman sultanate was abolished and in its place came The Turkish republic‚ and many changes in the economic‚ political‚ religious‚ and social sphere came to be. In this assignment I will
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