civilization imposition of tax within the framework of logical structure is utmost necessary. Revenue raised is utilised for meeting the expenses of government as well as to carry out developmental works. In this context the felicitous version of Justice Holmes is worth–mentioning - “Taxes are what we pay for civilized society. I like to pay taxes. With them I buy civilization”. In India too‚ attempts are being incessantly made to formulate a simplified and rational tax structure although the effectiveness
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A COMPARISON BETWEEN CASH ACCOUNTING AND ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING 1. Introduction Accounting principle and theory are generally referred to two main accounting methods which include cash accounting and accrual accounting. Cash basis accounting on income and cost is determined by the amount of actual payment for reference and accounting recording mode is simple‚ easy to master. The use of the accrual basis of accounting is more complicated than it with a main difference of recording timing. This essay
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Tata-Corus and Hindalco-Novelis have put India in the centre stage of global M&A activity. Outbound investments by Indian companies have grown manifold in diverse sectors ranging from oil & gas‚ steel‚ energy to telecommunications and pharmaceuticals. While this Guide is not intended at enumerating figures on the M&A front‚ it would not be incorrect to say that India Inc. has‚ in fact‚ arrived. The primary regulators governing M&A activity in India are the Securities and Exchange
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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INCOME-TAX LAW By: Justice R.K. Abichandani 1. Constitutional Provisions : The Constitution of India vests the Parliament with plenary legislative powers to impose taxes on matters specifically enumerated in the Union List and all the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in Concurrent or State Lists‚ as provided by Article 248(2). “Tax on income” is defined in an inclusive manner by Article 366(29) under which the expression
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The role of cash flow information in discriminating between bankrupt and non-bankrupt companies remains a contentious issue. In a number of literature reviews on bankruptcy prediction (e.g. Zavgren‚ 1983; Jones‚ 1987; Neill et al. 1991; Watson‚ 1996) the common view is that cash flow information does not contain significant incremental information content over accrual information in discriminating between bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms. (Divesh S. Sharma‚ Senior Lecturer‚ School of Accounting‚ Banking
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recommend the best among the four alternative as directed and aiming at 16% after tax return and tax rate of 38%. Identification of Issues and related alternatives: • Debt to Equity Ratio of 1.23 more than 1 reveals that more than half of assets are financed by debt. • $3.6 million required for repairs of hull before 2013. • Gross profit of 60% has not increased much over past three years it will affect operating income if there is a decline in sales. • Operating profit of .23% in 2012 seems to decline
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Philippines Income Tax Rates Income of residents in Philippines is taxed progressively up to 32%. Philippines Income Tax Rate 32% Philippines Corporate Tax Rate 30% Philippines Sales Tax / VAT Rate 12% Taxable Income Tax Rate PhP 0 - PhP 10‚000: - 5% PhP 10‚000 - PhP 30‚000: PhP 500 10% PhP 30‚000 - PhP 70‚000:
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Usefulness of Accounting Estimates for Predicting Cash Flows and Earnings Baruch Lev* New York University Siyi Li University of Illinois Theodore Sougiannis University of Illinois and ALBA January‚ 2009 * Contact information: Baruch Lev (blev@stern.nyu.edu)‚ Stern School of Business‚ New York University‚ New York‚ NY 10012. The authors are indebted to the editor and reviewers of the Review of Accounting Studies for suggestions and guidance‚ and to Louis Chan‚ Ilia Dichev‚ John Hand‚ James
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Philippines is controlled by the Bureau of Internal Revenue (Philippines). Taxes in the Philippines range from 5% to 35%[1] Exceptions 25‚000 Pesos for individuals[1] 30‚000 Pesos for married couples[1] Exceptions for Small and Medium Enterprises with income of less than 100‚000 Pesos Cedula Cedula is a community tax that is paid annually at the Barangay Hall. It is often rated at 5% of income. Value Added Taxes (VAT) In the Philippines‚ the rate of VAT is at 12%. With some additional
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Federal Income Tax Professor Lon Sobel Southwestern Law School Study Guide Fall 2010 Copyright © 2010 by Lionel S. Sobel SCALE – Federal Income Tax SCALE – Federal Income Tax Southwestern Law School FEDERAL INCOME TAX Syllabus‚ Course Requirements‚ and Grading Criteria Professor Lon Sobel SCALE II- Period 4 Fall 2010 PHONE: 213-738-6756 EMAIL: lsobel@swlaw.edu OFFICE: BW325 ___________________________ I. COURSE MATERIALS A. Required Text or Course Materials The assigned readings
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