FALLACIES OF RELEVANCE 1. Appeal to Force If you suppose that terrorizing your opponent is giving him a reason for believing that you are correct‚ then you are using a scare tactic and reasoning fallaciously. Example: David: My father owns the department store that gives your newspaper fifteen percent of all its advertising revenue‚ so I’m sure you won’t want to publish any story of my arrest for spray painting the college. Newspaper editor: Yes‚ David‚ I see your point. The story really
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Someone Who Has Made an Impact on Your Life A mother: a woman in relation to a child or children to whom she has given birth. Since the day I was brought into this world‚ confused and unknowing‚ my mother not only kept me alive but has given me the best life that she could offer me. As a child‚ I only knew that she was in charge of me and loved me‚ but now I know that there is so much more that my mother has sacrificed. As my role model‚ my best friend‚ and inspiration my mom has proven to be the
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of positive reinforcement is to reward someone after a desired behavior to encourage the behavior to occur again. The sooner you present the reward after the desired behavior‚ the more effective the positive reinforcement will be and the quicker the behavior will become a routine. Positive reinforcement can impact behavior more than one may realize. The reward system can multiply the preferred behaviors‚ as well as increase confidence and motivation. Negative reinforcement is also a very common behavior
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Logical Fallacies Fallacies of Relevance Ad Hominem Refers to a personal attack on an arguer’s reputation or character rather than the argument itself. Usually seen in political debates Example: Teddy Roosevelt’s attacks on William Howard Taft’s obesity. Attacking the Motive Refers to focusing on an attack against an arguer’s supposed motivation or bias rather than focusing on the argument itself. Usually points to how the arguer would benefit from his own argument. Example: Flower
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STUDENT HANDOUT LOGICAL FALLACIES Explanation of Logical Fallacies * What is logic? * Logic is reasoning that is conducted according to strict principles. * How is logic related to expository writing? * When you write an expository essay‚ you are using logic to provide the layers of proof for your statements. * You are proving your thesis when you construct your topic sentences. * e.g.‚ answering the “Why”‚ “How”‚ “What are they” questions about the
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"There is no evidence of foul play here" is a direct reference to the absence of evidence. "There is no evidence of aliens‚ and therefore‚ aliens do not exist" appeals to an absence of evidence B. When the doctor says that the test results were negative‚ it is usually good news. Under "Termites" the inspector checked the box that read "no” c. A biopsy shows the absence of malignant cells. One very carefully inspects the back seat of one’s car and finds no tigers. The train schedule does not say
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A Formal fallacy is an error in logic that can be seen in the argument’s form without requiring an understanding of the argument’s content. All formal fallacies are specific types of non sequiturs. * Appeal to probability – takes something for granted because it would probably be the case‚ (or might possibly be the case). * Argument from fallacy – assumes that if an argument for some conclusion is fallacious‚ then the conclusion itself is false. * Base rate fallacy – making a probability
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Dickens and his structure Of Hard Times "On every page Hard Times manifests its identity as a polemical work‚ a critique of Mid-Victorian industrial society dominated by materialism‚ acquisitiveness‚ and ruthlessly competitive capitalist economics" (Lodge 86). The quotation above illustrates the basis for Hard Times. Charles Dickens presents in his novel a specific structure to expose the evils and abuses of the Victorian Era. Dickens’ use of plot and characterization relate directly
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events of witchcraft. He attempts to show how easily very religios people can be fooled by one another. Logical fallacies are a rhetorical device in which he uses in order to have the effect of showing how believable the characters can be. A fallacy that is used throughout the Crucible would be Either or Choice. A fallacy where one is made to think they have just one choice. An example of Either or Choice would be in Act 1 where Reverend Parris tells Tituba “You will confess yourself or I will take
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Standards- “The vast majority of Transterra’s college apparel is manufactured in a factory in Honduras which employs primarily women and children who operate under horrific conditions.” The author is violating the intellectual standards of precision and breadth. The author does not provide enough details to emphasis that the company employs primarily women and children. It could be possible that everyone has a different meaning to horrific conditions. In other countries it is a daily culture to see females
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