Unit – II Sources of Research material PRIMARY AND SECONDERY SOURCES OF LEGAL RESEARCH Because the law is so varied‚ there are many different resources available to help locate the law‚ each with a specific use and specific limitations. The major types of legal research resources are primary sources of law and secondary sources of law. Primary sources of law are the actual law itself — constitutions‚ statutes‚ administrative regulations‚ ordinances‚ and court
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fair tax: towards a modern tax system The Smith Institute The Smith Institute is an independent think tank that has been set up to look at issues which flow from the changing relationship between social values and economic imperatives. If you would like to know more about the Smith Institute please write to: Telephone +44 (0)20 7823 4240 Fax +44 (0)20 7823 4823 Email info@smith-institute.org.uk Website www.smith-institute.org.uk fair tax: towards a modern tax system The Director
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Definition of Tax ; The word ‘tax’ has been derived from the French word ‘taxe’ and the Latin word ‘taxare’ which means ‘to charge’. Tax is a contribution exacted by the state. It is a non-penal but compulsory and unrequited transfer of resources from the private to the public sector‚ levied on the basis of predetermined criteria. According to P. E. Taylor‚ “ Taxes are compulsory payment to government without expectation of direct return in benefit to the taxpayer. According to
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Marketing Fall 2010 Individual Assignment 1 Date of Submission Friday 8th October 2010 Time 5:00 pm Marketing Fall 2010 Individual Assignment 1 SURVEYING CUSTOMERS Kevin Kirkman wheeled his shiny blue BMW coupe into his driveway‚ put the gear shift into park‚ set the parking brake‚ and got out to check his mailbox as he did every day when he returned home. As he‚ flipped through the deluge of catalogs and credit card offers‚ he noticed a letter
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marginal tax rate is the rate of tax he/she pays on the last dollar of income earned assuming there is nothing else affecting the individual. In this question‚ Sandra has no dependants or other sources of income so there is nothing else affecting her. An effective marginal tax rate of 40% applies to Sandra. This includes the top tax rate of 30% applicable to taxable income of $56‚000 and the student loan standard rate of 10%. (A) - The 30% rate would be Sandra’s base marginal tax rate without
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taxation has been taken as a veritable source of funding public sector activities as well as bein g an econ omic tool for the management of the con sumption‚ in vestment‚ and pr od uction patterns. In most d eve lopin g countries‚ the imposition of various forms of taxes has been with out some for ms of feed back on the effectiveness/efficien cy of such taxes. This stud y attempts to appr aise the usefulness of the tax system in Nigeria‚ usin g Value Added Tax system as a r efer en ce point.
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CHAPTER-1 Q.12) How does a fall in the value of the pound sterling affect British consumers? ANS- A fall in the value of pound sterling affects the cost of foreign goods. Q.13) How does an increase in the value of the pound sterling affect Canadian businesses? ANS-An increase in the value of pound sterling results in Canadian dollar buying more units of foreign currency‚ which in turn results in appreciation. Q.14) Looking at Figure 1-8 (page 11)‚ in what years would you have chosen
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Introduction) Tax Structure in Malaysia Generally‚ all income of companies and individuals accrued in‚ derived from or remitted to Malaysia are liable to tax. However‚ income remitted to Malaysia by resident companies (other than companies carrying on the business of banking‚ insurance‚ air and sea transportation)‚ non-resident companies and non-resident individuals are exempted from tax. Apart from income tax‚ there are other direct taxes such as real property gains tax‚ and indirect taxes
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wnThere are four main sources of Irish law: 1) The Constitution 2) EU law 3) Statute law (including statutory instruments) 4) Common Law & case law precedent. 1) Constitution - see www.constitution.ie for text and some official publications 2) EU law - see www.europa.eu (I’m not sure if that is the exact text but you can google) for EU laws 3) Statute law - see www.irishstatutebook.ie & www.oireachtas.ie 4) Case law & precents - see text books on Irish law or go to www.courts
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book – but we will be given the question 2 weeks before Exam (70%) Tuesday 22 June 9:15am – 12:30pm Exam * Tax avoidance/evasion won’t be covered * 3 sections: * 1: Multiple choice * 10 marks * 10 questions * Similar in nature to the pop quizzes * Cover everything – particularly includes Chye Ching and Craig * 1: Tax return * 25/55 marks * Individual (not a partnership) * Similar to Kathryn and Romy (last
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