Enzyme Controlled Reactions 1) Describe the relationship between substrate concentration and the initial reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Is this a linear relationship? What happens to the initial reaction rate as substrate concentration increases? A) The relationship between the substrate concentration and the initial reaction of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is very productive‚ but is dramatically affected by the pH level of the given solution. The most productive pH level is
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98.) Consider the unbalanced redox reaction: Cr2O72- (aq ) + Cu(s ) → Cr3+ (aq ) + Cu2+ Balance the equation in acidic solution and determine how much of a 0.850 M K2Cr2O7 solution is required to completely dissolve 5.25 g of Cu. Nitric acid is usually purchased in concentrated form with a 70.3% HNO3 concentration by mass and a density of 1.41 g/mL. How much of the concentrated stock solution in milliliters should you use to make 2.5 L of 0.500 M HNO3? Mass %= Mass Solute/ Mass Solvent + Mass
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Introduction‚ aim and hypothesis Chemical reactions are accompanied by the release or absorption of energy. Reactions which release energy are described as exothermic and those which absorb energy are endothermic. The energy released in chemical reactions was previously stored as chemical potential energy in the reactants; this stored energy is called enthalpy. The aim of this practical is to observe and classify chemical processes as endothermic or exothermic‚ based on the changes in temperature
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Rate of Reaction Introduction Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)‚ is the most simple peroxide and commonly used in several household items such as toothpaste or as an alternative to bleach. However hydrogen peroxide it is a very dangerous substance when accumulated in large amounts. If that situation occurs this substance must be decomposed. But how can we decompose this reaction? Well it decomposes by itself very slowly (2H2O2(aq) -> 2H2O(l) + O2(g))‚ but that would take too long. This reaction can be sped
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a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously or non-spontaneously is an important aspect of thermodynamics. Spontaneity is determined from free energy‚ or Gibbs free energy. The equation (1) gives the relationship of how entropy (∆S) and enthalpy (∆H) along with temperature affects the amount of free energy‚ and henceforth the spontaneity. A spontaneous process may be quick or slow‚ and it is only affected by temperature and energy‚ therefore it is not related to kinetics or reaction rate. equation
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The SN2 reaction requires three qualities: a strong nucleophile‚ a good‚ unhindered leaving group‚ and a polar‚ aprotic solvent. For our reaction‚ we have all three bases covered. The nucleophile is an alkoxide‚ a deprotonated alcohol. Technically‚ because our alcohol is a phenol‚ the conjugate base is called a phenoxide. Phenol itself has a pKa of about 10‚ but our alcohol has more resonance opportunities‚ so the pKa is down around 8. This is sufficiently acidic for use of weak base like K2CO3 for
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Grignard Reaction: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Hai Liu TA: Ara Austin Mondays: 11:30-2:20 Abstract: In this experiment‚ phenylmagnesium bromide‚ a Grignard reagent was synthesized from bromobenzene and magnesium strips in a diethyl ether solvent. The Grignard reagent was then converted to triphenylmethanol‚ a tertiary alcohol with HCl. The reaction for phenylmagnesium bromide was: The reaction for Grignard to triphenylmethanol was: In the formation of the Grignard reagent
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Writing Practical Reports Aim: To observe what happens during and after a chemical reaction. Equipment: Concentrated nitric acid in a glass dropping bottle Small pieces of Copper 250ml Beaker 2 M Lead nitrate in a dropping bottle 2 M Potassium iodide in a dropping bottle 2 M Copper sulfate in a dropping bottle 2 M Sodium hydroxide in a dropping bottle 2 M Hydrochloric acid in a dropping bottle 4 Pyrex test tubes Test tube rack Spatula Bunsen burner‚ gauze
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Link reaction The link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and its main function is to turn the pyruvate into acetate for the kerb cycle. During the link reaction the pyruvate molecule undergoes decarboxylation and dehydrogenation‚ the enzymes pyruvate decarboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase remove the carboxyl group (which becomes a carbon dioxide molecule) and removes the hydrogen atoms from the pyruvate molecule. The coenzyme NAD accepts the two hydrogen atoms and becomes reduced
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the value of the sum for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2’s change in temperature‚ compared to Reaction 3’s change in temperature. Reaction 1 was the dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide in water with a ΔH°rxn of -47047 J/mol‚ Reaction 2 was the neutralization of liquid sodium hydroxide with HCl with a ΔH°rxn of -31289 J/mol and Reaction 3 was the dissolution and neutralization of solid NaOH with HCl with a ΔH°rxn of -91000 J/mol. Consequently‚ the sum of Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 was -78336 J/mol‚ similar
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