India’s struggle for independence by Bipan Citandra Indian National Congress Founded * Founded in December 1885 by 72 political workers. * First organised expression of Indian nationalism on an all-India scale A powerful and long lasting myth ‘the safety valve’ had arisen around this question. The myth is that The Indian National Congress: * Started by A.O.Hume and other under the official direction‚ guidance and advice of no less a person that Lord Dufferin‚ the Viceroy * Was
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A REVIEW OF PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY 1980-2004 SUCCESSESS AND FAILURES CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Formulation of foreign policy of a country is a complicated process. It implies consideration of long term and short term interests of a state. Policy at the same time is required to be dynamic‚ as it has to be modified or changed with the changing global scenario. Foreign policy of any country is based on numerous determinants that can be divided into variable and invariable factors. The invariable
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into two countries. A Muslim dominated‚ Pakistan and a Hindu dominated‚ India. Surprisingly‚ it was the first time that nations were being partitioned on the basis of religion. The partition led to many problems between the two countries. One such issue was the conflict over the state of Kashmir. The dispute over Kashmir has dogged relations between India and Pakistan since the states were created by the partition of British India in 1947. The two countries have fought three wars (in 1947-48‚ 1965 and
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is the conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. This conflict started in 1947‚ on the day after India and Pakistan simultaneously became independent. After a brief war in 1947-48‚ Kashmir was divided between Pakistan and India administered territories. A ceasefire line was agreed under UN supervision‚ which has since been renamed the “Line of Control”. Around one third of the territory has since been administered by Pakistan‚ with the remainder administered by India‚ including Kashmir Valley
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Over 4‚000 people were massacred in the world’s largest democracy. Children were left orphaned‚ women were left widowed‚ and the cultural landscape of India was changed forever. One aspect of the terrible attacks of 1984 that still looms large is the question of responsibility and influence over the mobs. Where‚ if at all‚ can the blame be placed? How can such a efficient and large crowd gather in such
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foreign policy since independence. Pakistan’s security environment derives its origins from the circumstances in which Pakistan was created. The violence accompanying the portion leading to the emergence of the two independent states of Pakistan and India generated hostility‚ which continues to afflict relations between the two countries mainly because of the unresolved issue of Jammu and Kashmir. The issue is the source of continuing tensions and conflict‚ and shaped the unstable and tense security
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Kashmiri: A Guide into Language and Culture India Presented By: Rey Pina‚ B.S. Ciara Rangel‚ B.S Texas State University Assistant Professor: Rahul Chakraborty 2 Table of Contents Demographics of Kashmiri……………………………………. 4 State Demographics……………………………………….. 4 Language Demographics………………………………….. 5 United State Demographics……………………………….. 6 Kashmiri Dispute………………………………………………..7 Linguistic Community…………………………………………..9 Language Variation…………………………………………….10 Orothographic Differences….
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did. •At the time of Independence‚ the average income of Pakistanis was higher than that of Indians. Today after almost 60 years of democracy in India (bloody and violent democracy at time I will admit) and 60 years of dictatorships‚ military rule and religious control in Pakistan‚ the average income of Indians is about 300% higher than Pakistan and India is now in the process of becoming a genuine world "superpower." Conclusion •There might be some problem with the democracy but no system is fullproof
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Indian independence act India gained independence in 1947. In the first half of the 20th century‚ having been the "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire‚ India became the first part of that Empire to secure separate nationhood and independence. The Parliamentary Archives holds a variety of records which document the relationship between the United Kingdom and India‚ including photographs of Indian Army Officers on the Terrace on the occasion of the coronation of Edward VII in 1902‚ and papers
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Bangladesh The Coming Storm 1. What does Bangladesh look like today? Bangladesh looks like half of the human population crammed into a space the size of Louisiana. In the capital of Dhaka‚ it is so crowded and filled with homeless people on every corner. Among the 15 million people stuck in traffic among the crowded roads‚ lies an army of Bengali beggers. Bengali beggers sell vegetables‚ popcorn‚ and trinkets. Even in the beauty country side filled with lush grass and flowers‚ there is people wall-to-wall
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