Zahid Shahab Ahmed: Madarsa Peace Prints: South Asian Journal of Peacebuilding‚ Vol. 2‚ No. 1: Autumn 2009 MADRASA EDUCATION IN THE PAKISTANI CONTEXT: CHALLENGES‚ REFORMS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Zahid Shahab Ahmed Abstract Educational institutions in Pakistan function under three separate systems— public‚ private and madrasas. The media and the government turned their attention towards the madrasas only after the September 11‚ 2001 terrorist attacks‚ as there was a growing perception that terrorism
Premium Pakistan Islam Sharia
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S eparatist movements in India can broadly be divided in to various categories on the basis of various factors like geographical locations of area‚ historical backgrounds‚ ethnicity‚ language & religion‚ etc. The first important movement discussed in the paper is struggle of Kashmiris for their right of self- determination. Infact‚ at the time of independence in 1947‚ the princely states were given the option to either join India or Pakistan on the basis of two guiding
Premium India Sikh Jammu and Kashmir
Terrorism “Most Muslims are not fundamentalists‚ and more fundamentalists are not terrorists‚ but more present day terrorists are Muslims and proudly identify themselves as such.” writes Bernard Lewis in ‘The Crisis of Islam’. But Dr. Martin Luther King logically said‚ “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” Terrorism has no absolute and globally accepted definition and its interpretation can easily be used or abused to suite particular needs. The adage that “one man’s terrorist
Premium Islam Terrorism Al-Qaeda
1 September 1939: Adolf Hitler invades an unsuspecting Poland that started one of the most devastating wars in the history of the world. From this attack‚ Hitler went on to concur other great nations in Eastern Europe. Hitler’s reign of terror resulted in the death of millions of Jews living in Eastern Europe and countless lives of American soldiers. 11 September 2001: Two planes hit the World Trade Center‚ a plane hits the Pentagon‚ and a plane crashes in Pennsylvania. It is immediately thought
Premium September 11 attacks Al-Qaeda United States
The Oxford Dictionary defines a terrorist ‘as a person who uses terrorism in the pursuit of political aims’ (Oxford University Press‚ 2015). Originally used to describe the efforts of French Revolution freedom fighters who battled for democracy (Oxford University Press‚ 2015)‚ the term ‘terrorist’ is now widely associated with groups in developing countries who use violence and oppressive regimes to communicate their hatred of Western values‚ such as the Al-Qaeda. When comparing the actions and ideologies
Premium Islam Al-Qaeda Terrorism
Usage variations of bin Laden ’s name Because there is no universally accepted standard in the West for transliterating Arabic words and names into English‚ bin Laden ’s name is transliterated in many ways. The version often used by most English-language mass media is Osama bin Laden. Most American government agencies‚ including the FBI and CIA‚ use either "Usama bin Laden" or "Usama bin Ladin"‚ both of which are often abbreviated to UBL. Less common renderings include "Ussamah Bin Ladin" and "Oussama
Premium Osama bin Laden Al-Qaeda September 11 attacks
Sectarianism in Pakistan INTRODUCTION The decade of the 1990s witnessed a frightening upsurge in the Shia-Sunni sectarian violence in Pakistan‚ both in terms of scope and intensity. Recently‚ sectarian strife has engulfed even those areas‚ which were previously unaffected‚ largely because of the emergence of organized terrorist groups along sectarian lines. Besides target killings‚ these groups hit even ordinary members of each other’s sects. The problem‚ therefore‚ is no more of an occasional nature
Premium Islam Pakistan
‘The perils of indifference’ was what famous Hebrew journalist‚ Eidel Wieser‚ said to describe the blatant lack of regard states had for the ways Jews were treated all across the world. Discrimination‚ ethnic cleansing and purges were just a few of the atrocities that they were subject to and yet little was done to assist them. This reaffirms the need for countries to intervene in the affairs of another‚ in terms of economic‚ political or social instability‚ because states are not always capable
Premium Human rights
Thesis Statement and Introduction As the leader of al Qaeda‚ Osama bin Laden had several audiences and his ability to communicate effectively with each of them changed dramatically over time. First‚ his ability to communicate with his own organization diminished over time. Before the attacks on September 11‚ 2001 they communicated relatively freely. However‚ after the attacks his ability to direct his own organization was radically reduced as he became socially isolated for the sake of physical security
Premium Osama bin Laden Al-Qaeda September 11 attacks
Power‚ Ideology‚ and Terror in the Atomic Age Worksheet The Cold War Answer each of the following questions in a single paragraph: 1. What role did atomic weapons play in the Cold War? Summarize nuclear developments from 1945 to 1991. After the Second World War‚ United States and the Soviet Union entered into a Cold War that lasted more the 40 years because both sides had Atomic Weapons that were aimed at each other with each side fearing and dreading what a Hot War would cause if Atomic
Premium Nuclear weapon World War II Cold War