India‚ Pakistan agree to ceasefire after recent Kashmir fighting NEW DELHI -- India and Pakistan agreed on Wednesday to ease tensions in disputed Kashmir by strictly observing a decade-old cease-fire after five soldiers were killed in recent clashes‚ an Indian army spokesman said. The military commanders of the two armies spoke by telephone for 10 minutes and reached an understanding not to allow the situation to escalate further‚ spokesman Col. Jagdeep Dahiya said. Three Pakistani soldiers
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Kashmir tragedy began when under the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846; the British sold the state of Jammu and Kashmir to Gulab Singh‚ a Hindu Dogra chieftain for the sum of 7.5 million rupees. Lord Lawrence who negotiated this treaty‚ termed this transaction as “iniquitous arrangement” The sale of such a vast area with a predominantly Muslim majority was justified by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge ‚ in his correspondence with Queen Victoria ‚to recover the losses in wars against
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MUGHAL ADMINISTRATION | | |by | |Abdur Rahim Sajid | |M.Phil-I | |
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The Kashmir conflict (Hindi: कश्मीर विवाद‚ Urdu: کشمیر جھگڑا) is a current territorial dispute over the Kashmir region‚ the northwesternmost region of South Asia. The countries disputing are India‚ Pakistan‚ China‚ and the Kashmiri people. India claims the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir and as of 2010‚ administers approximately 43% of the region‚ including most of Jammu‚ the Kashmir Valley‚Ladakh‚ and the Siachen Glacier. India’s claim is contested by Pakistan‚ which controls approximately 37%
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Geography and climate Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe near Ladakh‚ India Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley‚ Tawi Valley‚ Chenab Valley‚ Poonch Valley‚ Sindh Valley and Lidder Valley. The main Kashmir valley is 100 km (62 mi) wide and 15‚520.3 km2 (5‚992.4 sq mi) in area. The Himalayas divide the Kashmir valley from Ladakh while the Pir Panjal range‚ which encloses the valley from the west and the south‚ separates it from the Great Plains of northern
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than the snow leopard‚ a beautiful and elusive survivor from the frigid Pleistocene era. Though its range is immense‚ extending over the entire Himalayan range‚ it is most advantageously sought in jammu and kashmir especially in the high ranges. Another rare animal is the hangul or Kashmir stag‚one of the most endangered species of red deer in the world.An enigmatic mammal is the bharal;the controversy over whether it is a shep or a goat is not yet settled.Many unique species of antelope‚goat and
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given the choice of joining the Paksitani union or the Indian union. Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu King of the dogra dynasty‚ and was given a choice to join either state. While he was dithering between joining India or becoming an independent country‚ the Pakistani army attacked Kashmir from the west‚ thinking it would be a quick battle. But the King of Kashmir asked India for help. India agreed to help on the condition that Kashmir would be part of the Indian Republic. The king hastily signed a document
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Kasmir Issue Kashmir Issue: Causes and Effects Sana Iqbal December 5‚ 2010 Outline 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Causes of the Conflict 4. Beginning of the Confrontation 5. Conclusion Introduction Ever since territorial changes have taken place in history‚ issues pertaining to affiliation and independence of some state have always been there. Although history is full of territorial conflicts‚ the two most recent ones include the Palestine issue and the Kashmir issue. While Palestine
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Kashmir problem - Islamic Republic of Pakistan v/s Secular Republic of India Kashmir problem is with the world since 1947‚ the year of the partition of India. Indian part of the Kashmir is about 45 percent of the original Kingdom of the Jammu and Kashmir‚ about 35 percent is now in Pakistan‚ and China has occupied the other 20 percent in 1962. The UN and the U.S want both sides to keep on the discussions‚ but the important question is on what basis the discussion can take place. The unresolved
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mid of the last century. These conflicts are often about resources‚ territories or ethnics. In South Asia‚ the Kashmir conflict last since 1947‚ that corresponds to the British decolonization of what was named the British Raj. The conflict stems from Pakistan and India‚ which both claimed the sovereignty over this region‚ leading to dramatic consequences over the decades on the Kashmir inhabitants and on the economy. The conflict‚ rooted in the history‚ has impacted roughly the region‚ and a close
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