urban hydrology methods in Malaysia. It gives satisfactory results for small catchments only • The formula is: C . y It . A Qy = 360 where‚ Qy = y year ARI peak flow (m3/s) C= dimensionless runoff coefficient yI t = y year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of concentration‚ tc ‚ (mm/hr) A= drainage area (ha) Or Q=CiA i = average rainfall intensity (in/hr)equals to tc A = catchment area ( acre) Q = Peak flow ( cusecs) Rational Method 1 Qp tc
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kilometre stretch of seawall. Advantages A seawall provides excellent defence where wave energy is high‚ reassures the public and has a long life span. It protects the base of cliffs‚ land and buildings against erosion. and can prevent coastal flooding in some areas. Breakwaters How it is designed to overcome the problem An offshore breakwater is a structure that parallels the shore (in the nearshore zone) and serves as a wave absorber. It reduces wave energy in its lee and creates a salient or tombolo
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Global Warming And Its Effects On The Coastal Areas of Bangladesh [pic] [pic][pic] GLOBAL WARMING: Global Warming is the rise in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere‚ including the surface air and oceans. In simple words global warming is when the Earth heats up. It is caused mainly due to increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse gases‚ include carbon dioxide‚ nitrous oxide‚ methane‚ water vapor‚ traps heat and light in the
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Socialization –the social learning process through which individuals develop their human potentials and also acquire the established patterns of their culture (p. 362)… Socialization is not a simple “learn it once and it’s yours forever” experience reserved exclusively for societal newcomers. Even long-term members of any given society must continuously alter their personal knowledge‚ values‚ beliefs‚ and behaviors as physical‚ cultural‚ societal‚ and other environments surrounding them undergo constant—and
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THE CRONULLA RIOTS The beachside suburb‚ known by residents as "God’s Country"‚ saw the spread of violence in a series of ethnically motivated confrontations in the week of December 11th 2005. This day saw the gathering of nearly 5000 people‚ most of Anglo Celtic background‚ some locals‚ some from other Sydney beachside suburbs such as Maroubra and Brighton‚ in order to "reclaim the beach" after two middle eastern youths attacked Cronulla lifesavers earlier in the week. The notification of the
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Coastal management involves developing strategies that are designed to protect and preserve the coastal environment. The actions of humans have altered the operation of the natural coastal processes. During our fieldwork we have learned the key issues of coastal management and their strategies and the way they address them at Cronulla Beach. The three key geographical processes that shape the coastal environment are erosion‚ transportation and deposition. The key issues relating to coastal management
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Cronulla Beach is a popular tourist attraction and attracts many beachgoers from all over Sydney. It is located on a southern Sydney peninsular‚ surrounded by Botany Bay to the north‚ Bate Bay to the east‚ Port Hacking to the south‚ and Gunnamatta Bay to the west. On the 14th of March 2011‚ year 10 went to Cronulla Beach to investigate how people use and interact with the coastal environment. We investigated three main things and they were: * What impacts local residents and businesses have
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Ecosystems Functioning Case Study 1 – Coastal Dunes 1. What are coastal dunes and how have they been formed? Coastal Dunes are large accumulations of sand located immediately behind the active beach zone. They are formed when sand is deposited onto the shore by wave action‚ dries out and is blown to the back of the beach. This process is referred to as accretion. 2. Where are coastal dunes found globally? What role does the wind play in their formation? Coastal dunes are found on all the worlds
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The Issue Coastal management is the dealings surrounding the management of development along the coastline with sustainability- being able to meet the needs of future generalizations while capitalizing the use of desired areas of the coasts for residential and commercial purposes. My written report on coastal management will revolve around the main issue explored in our field trip which is the gradual erosion of the foredune on Collaroy beach‚ and its effects on stakeholders (incl. residents‚ developers
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Reflective Essay- Cronulla Riots 2005 This essay will be reflecting upon how culture can influence individuals by the analysis of the Cronulla riots of 2005. It will touch on and emphasise how differing perspectives‚ thoughts‚ ideals and values are determined by a variety of cultural backgrounds and how in essence this defines each individual from the next. The experiences mentioned in this essay are of my own along with those of friends and family members that witnessed the cultural clash on December
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