the resignation of his predecessor‚ under claims of poor health. The main countries in this Gulf region may be noted as Iraq‚ the larger Iran and the much smaller Kuwait‚ as well as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Iran-Iraq war‚ initiated by the Iraqi government‚ would be an important source of instability in the Gulf region even after its conclusion. The Iran-Iraq war was fought from 1980-88 and may have been started by the Iraqi government in orders to expand their coastline and gain full control
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Put otherwise‚ the Constitution repeats the general words “Islam” and “Muslim” more than 200 times. However‚ there are articles which restrict their meanings to the Shiite Islam. For instance‚ Article 12 reads that‚ “the official religion of Iran is Islam and the Twelver Ja’fari School‚ and this principle will remain eternally immutable.” This way not only the Sunnite Iranians‚ but also other sub-groups within Shiites are excluded. Further‚ Article 58 asserts that the resolutions of the Iranian
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Revolution in 1979‚ the government of Iran has steadily offended the human rights of thousands of its fellow citizens. The victims of the system have consisted of a vast gathering of average Iranians‚ the only “crime” of which was usually one of identity – ethnicity ‚ sexual orientation‚ religion or gender - that was a threat to the theocratic vision of the ruling elite of the country. After the Iranian Revolution‚ the official religion of the state of Iran became Islam. The Constitution‚ which
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The Life‚ Thought and Historical Importance of Abu Yazid Al-Bistami‚ Dacca‚ 1971. Adle‚ C. Art et société dans le monde iranien‚ Paris‚ 1982 Adle C. “Katība῾yi naw-yāfta dar Bisṭām” [A newly discovered inscription in Bistam]‚ Āthār‚ x–xi (Iran. Solar‚ 1364/1986)‚ pp. 175–83 Aflākī‚ Šams al-Dīn ‚ Manāqeb al-ʿārefīn‚ ed. T. Yazıcı‚ 2 vols.‚ Ankara‚ 1959. Anṣārī‚ Ḵhwāja ʿAbd-Allāh ‚ Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfīa‚ ed. ʿA. Ḥabībī‚ Kabul‚ 1340 Š./1961. Arberry‚ A. J. “A Bisṭāmī Legend‚” JRAS‚ 1938
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Governments in the Middle East are talking about a new particle accelerator named Sesame‚ which‚ they hope‚ will be functional by 2015. Sesame will be the first particle accelerator in the Middle East. Countries as opposed as Turkey‚ Pakistan‚ Cyprus‚ Iran and Israel are all involved. How amazing is it that this scientific community is ignoring political issues and joining together? Even better‚ their governments are supporting them. The name Sesame stands for Synchrotron Light for Experimental Science
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The Safavid Empire really put Iran on the map for their economic strength. The Safavid Empire was founded by the Safavids and covered all of Iran‚ parts of Turkey‚ and Georgia. The Shiite based empire lasted from 1501-1722. The reason for their success was their locations on the trade routes. Shah Ismail‚ age 14 ruled from 1501 to 1524 and by 1510 he had conquered all of Iran. Shi’ism was introduced to Iran and many Sunni Muslims were murdered. But there was a positive side to their religion; the
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Rooftops of Tehran by Mahbod Seraji was very interesting‚ intriguing but also historical. This book showed me many human experiences that we all share like laughter‚ tears‚ love‚ fear but most of all hope. It also gave me a different perspective about Iran at the 70s which I totally didn’t know. It shows how the government dealt with people who stood for their rights by not facing them but either torturing them. Yet with all the horrible things the government did‚ there is a better side where people
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Authoritarianism and Democracy in Rentier States Bachar EL-Halabi International Political economy Dr. Khalil Gebara Friday December 21‚ 2012 Introduction We can never understand politics until we begin to understand the flow of political‚ economical and social events that occur on a daily basis in our country and the countries surrounding us. For instance‚ Lebanon experienced the first form of rebellion on March 14‚ 2005 during a historical rally that ousted the Syrian regime‚ from
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excellent example that represents conventional arts and literature is “Persepolis” by Marjane Satrapi. Her graphic novel tells the turbulent story of her childhood through the Islamic revolution. Satrapi depicts the world as she sees it growing up in Iran and Europe and as she becomes a young woman. As a young girl she sees many of
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Turn Author: Asef Bayat Book: Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn. Publisher: Stanford: Stanford University Press‚ 2007. Hardcover: 320 pages ISBN-10: 0804755949 ISBN-13: 978-0804755948 Key-words: democracy‚ Egypt‚ Iran‚ Islam‚ Middle East‚ political history‚ political theology. Reviewed by: Jacob Greenberg hile other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities have made use of comparative methodologies‚ History has been slow to join the trend. Most historical
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