Part I 1. Contrast the terms mutation and polymorphism. Mutations are “substitution patterns during gene divergence across vertebrate species” (Lourenco‚ Galtier & glemin‚ 2011‚ p. 67). In the case of species divergence “changes in population sizes or environmental changes can move populations away from equilibrium” (Lourenco‚ Galtier & glemin‚ 2011‚ p. 67). On the other hand‚ polymorphism is when “diverted natural selection rooted in differential resource…can generate and maintain
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The Hardy-Weinberg theorem states that the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population’s gene pool remain constant over the generations unless acted upon by agents other than sexual recombination. For example‚ take a population of mice that consists of 1‚000 members. A specific allele‚ albino allele‚ is recessive within this species. 80% of the population expresses the normal phenotype- brown coloring‚ while the remaining 20% are albino. 640 members of the population have the genotype AA‚
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Meiosis is extremely critical because its job is to check that all species produced by sexual reproduction include the right number of chromosomes we should have. This activity decreases the number of chromosomes in half‚ permitting the sexual reproduction process to prevail. Because meiosis produces cells that eventually becomes reproductive cells‚ this division in chromosome number is critical to the cell cycle. Without this process‚ the combination of two gametes during fertilization would result
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eukaryotic chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins 4.1.2 Define gene‚ allele and genome Gene: | Heritable factors that control specific characteristics | Allele: | One specific form of a gene (differing form other alleles by one or few bases‚ occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of that gene) | Genome: | Whole genetic information of the organism | Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein 4.1.3 Define gene mutation * Gene mutation is the change in the base sequence of an allele
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individual carries genes from their mother and their father. Characteristics such as height‚ eye color‚ if we have curly or straight hair are all determined through the our genes and specifically our chromosomes. Many times‚ parents inadvertently pass genes on to their children through their DNA that may contribute to developmental disorders such as Down Syndrome. In this paper‚ I will explain the role of genetics and how it plays a part in development. I will also explain how the genes of two parents
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injury because their blood does not clot normally. Hemophilia occurs when a person has a mutation in one of the clotting factor genes. 90% of people who have hemophilia have a mutation in the Factor VIII(8) gene. 9% have a mutation in the Factor IX(9) gene‚ and the other 1% have a mutation in a different clotting gene. Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are inherited in an Xlinked recessive pattern. The genes associated with these conditions are located on the X chromosome‚ which is
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generation to the next. Other scientists move past the observation stage and start tinkering with the genetic composition of the individual organism‚ documenting its effects. This can be seen in bacteria and other microorganisms as scientists insert genes into the bacteria‚ altering the behavior. This can be made possible since the genetic code is universal‚ with commonalities within organisms of varying complexities. The fact that there lie common codons such as RNA ’s "CCG" is translated as the amino
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dogs‚ coyotes‚ wolves‚ foxes (taxid:9608) at more than 75% identical‚ then these animals are vulnerable to mental disorders similar to OCD. VI. RESULTS: QUANTITATIVE: These are our top 5 results. The first one is nearly identical to the gene‚ while the bottom four are barely half similar. The most similar protein was found in Canis lupis familiaris. It is 96% identical and 97% similar. The E value is 0.0. The second most familiar protein was also found in Canis lupis familiaris
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presented in the next generation. Another mechanism of evolution is genetic drift. Genetic drift is a random change in a small gene pool due to sampling errors in propagation of alleles or chance. Genetic drift depends greatly on the size of the gene pool. If the gene pool is large‚ the better it will represent the gene pool of the previous generation. If it is small‚ its gene pool may not be accurately represented in the next generation due to sampling error. Genetic drift usually occurs in small populations
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Professor Kevin M. Beaver and Joseph A. Schwartz believe‚ “that a warrior gene has been demonstrated to be related to aggressive and violent behavior. In fact‚ humans with a low-activity form of the MAOA gene are much more prevalent in populations with a history of warfare. These individuals are also more likely to join gangs and to use weapons in committing crimes than other persons” (Hickey 48). Beaver and Schwartz believe that the theories proposed over the past half-century have focused entirely
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