COCAINE One of the most dangerous and widely abused drugs is cocaine‚ although they do not produce very severe physical dependent symptoms upon withdrawal. In the early 16th century‚ Francisco Pizzaro encountered the Inca; he found that royalty used the coca plant. This was the 1st contact Europeans had with this drug. In Peru this was considered to be “the gift of the Gods” (Craving for Ecstasy and Natural Highs: A Positive approach to mood Alteration Milkman‚ Sunderwirth) and was used in religious
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Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that heightens alertness‚ inhibits appetite and the need for sleep‚ and provides intense feelings of pleasure. It is prepared from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush‚ which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia. Street dealers dilute it with inert (non-psychoactive) but similar-looking substances such as cornstarch‚ talcum powder‚ and sugar‚ or with active drugs such as procaine and benzocaine (used as local anesthetics)‚ or other
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the production of Cocaine in the early 1970’s. Why the production‚ and formation of huge Cartels‚ just to produce and distribute a psychoactive drug? Money! The return is huge and by that I mean cocaine is produced at $1500/kilo in jungle labs and could be sold on the streets of America for as much as $50‚000/kilo. Unfortunately‚ there is a demand for cocaine and will continue to be one‚ why? United states of America‚ with one in six‚ American citizens admitted to using Cocaine‚ America will continue
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Cocaine Abuse Kiara Palmer Shaw University Cocaine and crack are both drugs created from the coca plant but have different levels of refinement. Cocaine is an addictive stimulant of the central nervous system‚ extracted from the coca leaf. Cocaine is usually inhaled but can also be injected. Crack is the freebase form of cocaine that has been processed from the powdered cocaine hydrochloride form to a substance that can be smoked. Cocaine is taken in through the nose and crack is
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Metabolism Figure 1 above is adapted from João M‚ et al (2012) the chromatographic methodologies for analysis of cocaine and its metabolites which‚ shows the metabolic pathway of cocaine administrated. Cocaine is largely metabolized into two major metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and two minor metabolites norcocaine (NCOC) and m- and p-hydroxycocaine (OH-COC) (Goldstein et al.‚ 2009). Benzoylecgonine is primarily produce in the liver by human carbozylerstrase type
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about the history of cocaine‚ how it became illegal‚ and how it affects society almost a hundred years later. Central Idea: Although cocaine was once hailed as a cure all drug‚ the general population failed to see how addictive and destructive the drug can be. Introduction I. In 1972 there was a test done on monkeys where they were injected with cocaine. II. When given a choice of interacting with other monkeys or living in isolation with unlimited amount of cocaine‚ they chose the latter
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Cocaine World of Scientific Discovery. Kimberley A. McGrath and Bridget Travers. Online. Detroit: Thomson Gale‚ 2007. From Student Resource Center - Gold. HIDE DETAILS SHOW DETAILS Document Type: | Topic Overview | Bookmark: | Bookmark this Document | Updated11/20/2006 For centuries‚ Peruvian natives have chewed the leaves of the coca plant because of their stimulating and exhilarating effect. In 1855 the German Gaedicke isolated the active alkaloid in coca leaves. Albert Niemann
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Three Cocaine Era’s The first Cocaine Era begins ruffly around 2500 BCE in South America. The Peruvian South Americans chewed on the Erythoxylan Shrub‚ which contains cocaine in its leaves. Historians believe that the use of this stimulant assisted this small‚ contained community to want to branch out and spread across the contenent. The cocaine provided the South AMericans with the energy and motivation to strive to make architectual and social advancements. This era of cocaine use was by far
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What is Cocaine? Cocaine is a bitter‚ white‚ odorless‚ crystalline drug. Cocaine has been classified as a Schedule II drug by the United States. Cocaine is extracted and refined from the Coca plant. A highly addictive stimulant that produces profound feelings of pleasure. Cocaine can be snorted‚ injected‚ smoked or eaten. The level and length of the effects depend on how the drug was induced. Cocaine usually tops the list when it comes to common illicit drugs. It is a powerful stimulant that
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Cocaine is a really powerful‚ really addictive stimulant drug. South Americans originally chewed and ingested cocoa leaves (Erythroxylon coca) for its stimulant effects. Over 100 years ago cocaine hydrochloride was isolated from the cocaine plant. This purified chemical is what causes your cocaine addiction. Humorously enough‚ many tonics and elixirs used cocaine in the early 1900s. Even Coca-Cola contained it. Surgeons also used it as a form of local anesthetic because cocaine blocks pain. The
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Cocaine Addiction Tonya Hall Research Writing/COM 220 May 16‚ 2010 Felecia Squires
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Cocaine Drug Use Over the of years that Cocaine has been used there has been extreme deaths rates. A lot people think Cocaine is used for giving energy in your body but it’s not‚ because Cocaine is a drug that is addictive and powerful drug. Cocaine is made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America‚ it does however have a valid medical purpose but is still illegal for‚ the general public in the U.S. Cocaine was found in 1500s. Cocaine has been used extensively by famous people
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Covalent Compound: Cocaine Cocaine‚ also known as coke‚ is a covalent compound‚ which are molecules that consist of groups of atoms held together by covalent or coordinate bonds. In the United States cocaine is an illegal drug because of the harm it does to a human’s body. It has been used for many years for many different reasons by many different people. Cocaine and it’s leaves‚ which are found on the plant of the Erythroxylen coca (cocaine.org)‚ originated by the South American Indians who have
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English 4/23/13 Cocaine Cocaine is a Local Anesthetic and is unusual due to its affects on the brain. Usually Local Anesthetics have a common molecule with one slight difference that creates amides or esters‚ but cocaine has a completely different molecule setup but is still considered a Local Anesthetic. Its molecule is a complex alkaloid. This can cross the blood brain barrier and can have major affects on the brain and central nervous system. I will tell you what cocaine is‚ what its affects
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the effect of a depressant and marijuana has a psychoactive effect‚ cocaine is considered to be a stimulant. Cocaine often comes in a form of powder where the user snorts it‚ this causes it to be absorbed by the nasal tissue. Another way a user can take it is injecting or smoking cocaine which delivers the drug rapidly into the bloodstream and brain‚ producing a quicker and stronger but shorter-lasting high than snorting. Cocaine interferes with the neurotransmitters in the brains causing them to
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between Crack Cocaine and Powder Cocaine The Disparities between Crack and Powder Cocaine Coca is a leafed plant that grows in the eastern slopes of the Andes. Cocaine is the world’s most powerful stimulant made naturally. This plant has been used be Indians for at least 5000 years. Traditionally‚ the leaves of the coca plant have been chewed for social‚ mystical‚ medicinal and religious purposes. Columbia is the lead producer of cocaine they supply eighty percent of the world’s cocaine (Coca and
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Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that at once impacts the mind. Cocaine become categorized the drug of the Eighties and ‘90s‚ due to its massive popularity and use at some stage in this period. However‚ cocaine isn’t a brand new drug. In truth‚ its miles one of the oldest acknowledged pills. The pure chemical‚ cocaine hydrochloride‚ has been an abused substance for extra than one hundred years‚ and coca leaves‚ the supply of cocaine‚ have been ingested for lots of years. Cocaine is usually
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11/8/2012 How does the Cocaine drug trade affect its producing countries‚ what problems are seen‚ and what are possible solutions to these problems both locally and internationally? The drug trafficking problem focused on Cocaine is mainly limited to three countries‚ Colombia‚ Peru and Bolivia. These three countries are the main producers and traders when it comes to the Coca leaf and Cocaine. They all face problems created by the war on drugs centered on Cocaine. In Peru and Bolivia they
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Despite Columbia’s growth as a primary cocaine producer and distributer‚ it was surpassed by Peru in 2015. There are an estimated 120‚000 hectares of coca crop in Peru‚ most of which are concentrated in the Huallaga Valley‚ representing a possible production of no less than 290 to 340 tons of cocaine product annually. The sheer magnitude of Peruvian coca production has been steadily increased from the mid-1970’s to the 1990’s. In 1975‚ Peru had an estimated 45‚000 hectares of coca crops – this figure
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In the excerpt from the afterward (p.132) to "The Cocaine Kids" by Terry Williams he seems to be expressing the Subcultural Theories. Simply because the excerpt is mainly concerned with the way they were raised‚ opportunities and lifestyle. In my opinion I agree strongly that these Subcultural Theories play a major roll in why the cocaine kids be come drug dealers. The "crew" all lived in a poor part of Manhattan called Washington Heights; it’s an area full of crack fiends and drug dealers. It’s
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