COCAINE One of the most dangerous and widely abused drugs is cocaine‚ although they do not produce very severe physical dependent symptoms upon withdrawal. In the early 16th century‚ Francisco Pizzaro encountered the Inca; he found that royalty used the coca plant. This was the 1st contact Europeans had with this drug. In Peru this was considered to be “the gift of the Gods” (Craving for Ecstasy and Natural Highs: A Positive approach to mood Alteration Milkman‚ Sunderwirth) and was used in religious
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Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that heightens alertness‚ inhibits appetite and the need for sleep‚ and provides intense feelings of pleasure. It is prepared from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush‚ which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia. Street dealers dilute it with inert (non-psychoactive) but similar-looking substances such as cornstarch‚ talcum powder‚ and sugar‚ or with active drugs such as procaine and benzocaine (used as local anesthetics)‚ or other
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the production of Cocaine in the early 1970’s. Why the production‚ and formation of huge Cartels‚ just to produce and distribute a psychoactive drug? Money! The return is huge and by that I mean cocaine is produced at $1500/kilo in jungle labs and could be sold on the streets of America for as much as $50‚000/kilo. Unfortunately‚ there is a demand for cocaine and will continue to be one‚ why? United states of America‚ with one in six‚ American citizens admitted to using Cocaine‚ America will continue
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Cocaine Abuse Kiara Palmer Shaw University Cocaine and crack are both drugs created from the coca plant but have different levels of refinement. Cocaine is an addictive stimulant of the central nervous system‚ extracted from the coca leaf. Cocaine is usually inhaled but can also be injected. Crack is the freebase form of cocaine that has been processed from the powdered cocaine hydrochloride form to a substance that can be smoked. Cocaine is taken in through the nose and crack is
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Cocaine World of Scientific Discovery. Kimberley A. McGrath and Bridget Travers. Online. Detroit: Thomson Gale‚ 2007. From Student Resource Center - Gold. HIDE DETAILS SHOW DETAILS Document Type: | Topic Overview | Bookmark: | Bookmark this Document | Updated11/20/2006 For centuries‚ Peruvian natives have chewed the leaves of the coca plant because of their stimulating and exhilarating effect. In 1855 the German Gaedicke isolated the active alkaloid in coca leaves. Albert Niemann
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Metabolism Figure 1 above is adapted from João M‚ et al (2012) the chromatographic methodologies for analysis of cocaine and its metabolites which‚ shows the metabolic pathway of cocaine administrated. Cocaine is largely metabolized into two major metabolites benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME) and two minor metabolites norcocaine (NCOC) and m- and p-hydroxycocaine (OH-COC) (Goldstein et al.‚ 2009). Benzoylecgonine is primarily produce in the liver by human carbozylerstrase type
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about the history of cocaine‚ how it became illegal‚ and how it affects society almost a hundred years later. Central Idea: Although cocaine was once hailed as a cure all drug‚ the general population failed to see how addictive and destructive the drug can be. Introduction I. In 1972 there was a test done on monkeys where they were injected with cocaine. II. When given a choice of interacting with other monkeys or living in isolation with unlimited amount of cocaine‚ they chose the latter
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Three Cocaine Era’s The first Cocaine Era begins ruffly around 2500 BCE in South America. The Peruvian South Americans chewed on the Erythoxylan Shrub‚ which contains cocaine in its leaves. Historians believe that the use of this stimulant assisted this small‚ contained community to want to branch out and spread across the contenent. The cocaine provided the South AMericans with the energy and motivation to strive to make architectual and social advancements. This era of cocaine use was by far
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What is Cocaine? Cocaine is a bitter‚ white‚ odorless‚ crystalline drug. Cocaine has been classified as a Schedule II drug by the United States. Cocaine is extracted and refined from the Coca plant. A highly addictive stimulant that produces profound feelings of pleasure. Cocaine can be snorted‚ injected‚ smoked or eaten. The level and length of the effects depend on how the drug was induced. Cocaine usually tops the list when it comes to common illicit drugs. It is a powerful stimulant that
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Cocaine is a really powerful‚ really addictive stimulant drug. South Americans originally chewed and ingested cocoa leaves (Erythroxylon coca) for its stimulant effects. Over 100 years ago cocaine hydrochloride was isolated from the cocaine plant. This purified chemical is what causes your cocaine addiction. Humorously enough‚ many tonics and elixirs used cocaine in the early 1900s. Even Coca-Cola contained it. Surgeons also used it as a form of local anesthetic because cocaine blocks pain. The
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