shown in attachments between infants and their primary caregivers (parents/ guardians etc.). How was the experiment carried out? Who was involved? The experiment involved using a toddler‚ the child’s guardian and a stranger to see the child’s reaction to the different situations using the following stages: Results from experiment: Three different attachment styles were discovered by Ainsworth: secure‚ insecure‚ avoidant and insecure ambivalent. The attachment style
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University of Central Lancashire‚ Preston‚ United Kingdom The evidence that people form strong attachments with their pets is briefly reviewed before identifying the characteristics of such relationships‚ which include pets being a source of security as well as the objects of caregiving. In evolutionary terms‚ pet ownership poses a problem‚ since attachment and devoting resources to another species are‚ in theory‚ fitness-reducing. Three attempts to account for pet keeping are discussed‚ as are the problems
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Ainsworth Strange Situation Studies The Strange Situation procedure‚ developed by American psychologist Mary Ainsworth‚ is widely used in child development research. Much research in psychology has focused on how forms of attachment differ between infants. For example‚ Schaffer and Emerson (1964) discovered what appeared to be innate differences in sociability in babies; some babies preferred cuddling more than others‚ from very early on‚ before much interaction had occurred to cause such differences
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Synchrony – Parent/Infant Initiation Synchrony – is the coordinated interaction between infant and parent in which each individual responds to and influences the other‚ occurring within the first three months and more as the child grows. Synchrony can be initiated by the parent or infant. Parents will usually imitate the child first in order to obtain desired emotional responses. Facial expressions and body language performed by the parent or caregiver will cause the infant to associate feelings
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explore; the current picture of neglect within the UK; risk factors in neglect; the impact upon children; the ecological‚ developmental and attachment perspectives with regard to enhancing practice; and finally intervention opportunities‚ with specific reference to community models‚ the involvement of fathers‚ strengths based‚ resilience focused methods and attachment based work with parents. For purpose of this essay
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follow and have a similar personality to those who they are close to and learn from. John Bowlby and Mary D.S Ainsworth developed a theory of parent-child attachment. The theory focused on how and why children become connected emotionally to their parents and what happens when a healthy relationship between parent and infant does not develop. The attachment theory helps one understand the importance of socialisation and what can happen when an infant does not receive the love and emotional support
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Compare and contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment Introduction Contrasting and comparing the work of Harry Harlow (1962) with the work of Mary Ainsworth (1953) on understanding attachment in children‚ shows that attachment is not based in cupboard love (the provision of food by the mother or the primary care giver) but is mainly formed through contact comfort and the sensitive responsiveness to the child’s signals provided by the mother or by the primary
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References: Ainsworth‚ M. D. & Bowlby‚ J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality development‚ American Psychologists. 46‚ 331-341. Ainsworth‚ M Ainsworth‚ M. D. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy. Hillsdale: NJ: Erlbaum. Ainsworth‚ M. D. (1991). Patterns of attachment behaviour‚ Exploration and separation. Baltimore. John Hopkins press. Altman‚ J. H (1997). Career Development in the Context of Family Experiences. In Helen S. Farmer. Diversity and Women’s Career Development:
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prevailing behaviorist theories of the time would predict that the lonely monkey would quickly grow attached to the wire mother‚ since it dispensed the food. But Harlow was surprised to observe that the monkeys spent an overwhelming amount of time with the cloth mother‚ moving to the wire mother only when they needed to eat. Their affection for the cloth mother had nothing to do with food and everything to do with warmth and comfort. To further test the monkeys’ attachment to the cloth mother‚ Harlow
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Assessment My Virtual Life Psych 290 Tara Cahoon November 7‚ 2014 Describe and give examples of changes in your child’s exploratory or problem solving behavior from 8 through 18 months and categorize them according to Piagetian and information processing theories. Note that 8 months is included‚ so you’ll need to use the time-line to look back at 8 months for examples. At age 8 months‚ Lexi is crawling and pulling up. At 9 months‚ she is walking‚ climbing‚ and beginning to point at the things she wants.
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