The Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds
The Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds
Sunshine Marie
Introduction
Each year, many thousands of new or unknown organic compounds are prepared or extracted from natural sources such as plants, fungi and animals. In order to identify an unknown organic compound or the components of a mixture of organic compounds, it is necessary firstly to separate and purify the compounds. At any given temperature, a certain number of molecules of a substance in the liquid state have sufficient energy to escape from the surface to create a vapor pressure. This tendency becomes greater as the kinetic energy of the molecules is increased by raising the temperature. When a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure equals that of the surrounding atmosphere, the liquid boils, and this temperature is known as the boiling point. The boiling point of a pure substance at a specified pressure is thus a characteristic property of that substance, and can be used as a criterion of purity and a means of identification.
The objectives of this exercise are: Separate to purify the organic compound. Perform the different operations properly with their possible result. Analyze and state the observation based on the result of experiment.
Methodology
Materials and Apparatus
The chemicals used in the experiment are as follows: benzoic acid, sugar, denatured alcohol, chloroform, acetanilide, copper sulfate, activated charcoal, distilled water, acetone, toluene, glutamic acid and glycine. The apparatus used include funnel, Erlenmeyer flask, separatory funnel, beakers, evaporating dish, water bath, graduated cylinder, stirring rod, watch glass, distilling flask, thermometer, tripod, wire gauze, burner, iron stand, burette, damps, utility damps, condenser adapter, receiver, medicine dropper and filter papers. Procedure Solution and Filtration
A mixture of 1g benzoic acid and 1g sugar was divided into three equal parts. The first portion of the
Sunshine Marie
Introduction
Each year, many thousands of new or unknown organic compounds are prepared or extracted from natural sources such as plants, fungi and animals. In order to identify an unknown organic compound or the components of a mixture of organic compounds, it is necessary firstly to separate and purify the compounds. At any given temperature, a certain number of molecules of a substance in the liquid state have sufficient energy to escape from the surface to create a vapor pressure. This tendency becomes greater as the kinetic energy of the molecules is increased by raising the temperature. When a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure equals that of the surrounding atmosphere, the liquid boils, and this temperature is known as the boiling point. The boiling point of a pure substance at a specified pressure is thus a characteristic property of that substance, and can be used as a criterion of purity and a means of identification.
The objectives of this exercise are: Separate to purify the organic compound. Perform the different operations properly with their possible result. Analyze and state the observation based on the result of experiment.
Methodology
Materials and Apparatus
The chemicals used in the experiment are as follows: benzoic acid, sugar, denatured alcohol, chloroform, acetanilide, copper sulfate, activated charcoal, distilled water, acetone, toluene, glutamic acid and glycine. The apparatus used include funnel, Erlenmeyer flask, separatory funnel, beakers, evaporating dish, water bath, graduated cylinder, stirring rod, watch glass, distilling flask, thermometer, tripod, wire gauze, burner, iron stand, burette, damps, utility damps, condenser adapter, receiver, medicine dropper and filter papers. Procedure Solution and Filtration
A mixture of 1g benzoic acid and 1g sugar was divided into three equal parts. The first portion of the
References: Organic Chemistry Laboratory Manual Organic Chemistry with Biochemistry Laboratory Handouts Encarta Premium DVD 2009 scienceclarrified.com