Throughout the centuries, both the system and the concept of prison have undergone many radical changes that eventually led to the formation of the prison as we know it now. In the 16th and 17th centuries, prison tended to be a place where criminals were kept in it while awaiting their punishment. It was a place, where criminals were held, rather than a means of punishment. In fact, criminals, at that time, were publically punished, rather than imprisoned, in the most torturous ways such as whipping, and slaughtering. However, in the 18th century, people in charge decided to put an end to these cruel methods of punishing. They came up with new methods of punishing instead of using torture in punishing criminals. In fact, the incarceration with hard labor was the new method of punishing criminals. Thus, the prison itself became a tool of punishment.…
New Holland, or New South Wales, being one the newest colonies of the British empire, had no real British presence until the arrival of the first fleet of convict ships in January of last year. The decision to use it as a penal colony occurred because of the extreme levels of overcrowding in prisons over…
First of all, as Britain could no longer find any other suitable place to export their surplus of convicts, the establishment of a new penal colony in New South Wales was imperative. Following the American War of Independence in 1775 and the subsequent defeat of the British there meant that convicts could no longer be sent to the newly independent nation. The African colonies under British rule were also out of the question as Africa’s severe climate was too hot for European settlers. With both potential locations proving to be invalid, Britain had no choice but to found a new penal colony in New South Wales.…
European ships chiefly began sailing into southern Australian waters in the 18th century. These left human cargoes behind and unlike earlier visitors had an immediate impact on the Aborigines, who suffered interference with their economy and lifestyle as the colonists, sought and secured for themselves good sources of water, sheltered positions and access to fish, all of which were also vital to Aboriginal people.…
At that time, Australia was still a young country, it had only been 13 years since it had federate, and it still relied heavily on…
Australian history has been tied to British history since its discovery by James cook in 1778, and its colonial occupation, this creates issues of identity for Australians reading their history. To an 18th…
After WW2, Australia felt that the population was too small to defend itself in case of another event. It also felt that Australia needed an economic boost and an increase in the population was the way to do so. In a speech to parliament in 1944, Immigration Minister Arthur Calwell expresses the need for migrants; “…Only by filling this land can we establish a title to hold it” (House of Representatives, Debates, 1944, vol. HR177, p.935). The Chifley Labor government’s aim in the late 1940s was to attract British migrants to Australia with free passage or “assisted migration”. So the government used advertisements to go after the British in the 1950’s by using positive images such as “sunshine and smiles” to attract more citizens. The idea of owning your own home and living in a laid-back, liberal community appealed to some and so the government assisted the migrants in coming to Australia by providing them with accommodation, work and support. Yet the propaganda of “sunshine, salesmen and subsidies...” did not attract the numbers of British migrants needed to achieve the goals set, and so the Australian government broadened its migration policy to other areas of Europe.…
The penal station was first established in 1830. Over time it developed into a punishment station to which serious repeat offenders were sent from other Australian colonies.…
Australia was seen as a great place for war-torn country citizens to flee after WWII, namely Eastern European citizens running from the invading Soviet Union. Because of this, an increasing influx of immigrants was in search of an improved home. The Commonwealth of Australia compensated these immigrants with money by assisting with the hefty payments that were necessary to travel and live in Australia. Ordinarily, the government had a few requirements to be able to live in Australia: they must stay in Australia for at least 2 years and work in whatever field or…
During the Elizabethan period there were many horrible means of punishment and torture . Just like in romeo and juliet where if you got caught fighting again you would be put to death.During the Elizabethan Time punishments were harsh. Even for the littlest crime. Punishments back then were treated differently as we would treat them today.…
Isn’t there something wrong about that? The Aboriginals, natives of Australian never locked up the English Settlers or even the convicts, they might have had their ups and downs but they never imprisoned over 2000 people, wait isn’t that the population size of Casterton? In an island 2600km away from Australia, no wonder the media says we are ungrateful for what we have.…
It is important to consider that flogging was prescribed in England as punishment the same as in New South Wales. Masters were not allowed to beat the convicts themselves, only a court could inflict a flogging. The convict’s subordination was the result of a sentence handed down from a court, specifying the nature and duration of the convict’s punishment. Sometimes punishments would take a long time to be handed down, masters saw that in some cases the threat of corporal punishment didn’t guarantee high productivity and quality of…
In victorian britain punishments were very important but yet very cruel at the same time. Punishment is not something you would want to come acrossed because is you did something really terrible then (you would get hanged or sent off to another prison.)The punishment would be much worse than it was at their original prison.…
The experiences of free immigrant women in colonial Australia suggest a quality of women 's citizenship similar to that of transported women. The readings place importance on the role of female immigration in the history of colonial Australia, however an examination of free-immigrant women’s citizenship indicates that their experiences are closely associated to those of convict women transported to Australia. At the heart of this relationship is that colonial elite saw single female immigration as unnatural, even immoral. The independence of these women who had journeyed unaccompanied to the colony translated into rhetoric of immorality, which over time was shaped to a perception of sexual depravity. The strength of the perception that all women in the penal colonies were whores conveyed that free immigrant women who were not convicts became its…
Throughout the early part of the twentieth century, whilst Australia was still an extremely new country, Britain provided for a number of economic needs of her dominion. In particular Australia was particularly reliant on the mother country in the areas of trade and immigration to assist with the financial security and growth of the new country. These two areas and the changes that occurred over time will now be discussed.…