When you know something you not only have an opinion, but that opinion is true. We can't just say because we believe something, it is certain. Although everything we know is also certain, not everything we think is certain is known. A person can be certain about something that is true but in fact is, he can be wrong about it. Certainty and doubt go hand in hand because too much certainty can make a person close-minded and ignorant. Not willing to accept facts based on illogical connections to the opinions of others that have an influence strong enough to cause an irrational mental model of what is acceptable to base future opinions on and this leads…
With this lesson, we begin a new unit on epistemology, which is the philosophical study of knowledge claims. In this first lesson on epistemology, Dew and Foreman discuss some of the basic issues raised in the study of epistemology and then discuss the nature of knowledge itself. They consider questions such as, “What do we mean when we say we know something?” “What exactly is knowledge?…
In order to ascertain the meaning behind Alun Munslow’s assertion, one must define the term “justified belief” as Munslow understands it. As Munslow defines it, justified belief amounts to a belief that is validated by the strict adherence to a set of accepted standards. Speaking about this, these standards are summed up by C.B McCullagh as the empirical-analytical method. Indeed, through utilising this method, historians can justify their knowledge of the past. In order to meet the criteria of the empirical-analytical method, justified belief must be validated by a range of necessary attributes. For example, empirical reference is adequate to justify the reality of one’s understanding of the past. In addition, adequate inference, when validated…
Society has attempted to decipher what is real. The idea of what is real and what is understood has been a problem for societies. The different societies and cultures believed in other beings such as different God’s. Greek society was a leader in worshipping and believing in God’s that perceived to be real in their minds and culture. Worshipping these God’s begun to have other’s question if these God’s were real and gave birth to skepticism. The purpose of this paper is to examine the principal issues related to Epistemology.…
Knowledge is not the same as belief. Beliefs can be mistaken, but no-one can know what is false.…
Bibliography: Sosa, Ernest [1980]: “The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence Versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge.” In Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 5: Studies in Epistemology. Minneapolis MN: University of Minneapolis Press: 3–25. Stace, W.T. [1967]: “Science and the Physical World.” In Man Against Darkness and Other Essays. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Tye, Michael [2009]: “A New Look at the Speckled Hen.” In Analysis 60, April: 258–63. Yolton, John W. [1970]: Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.…
Living on the age of knowledge we have uncover a vast of information throughout the ages. We have now the advantage of choosing our own believes, let that be a believer to a god, a believer to two or more gods, a none believer, or simply acknowledge that there is a higher power. Although we have the power to chose what we believe on, sometimes this believes are planted into us since childhood, not by choice but by enforcing it to us by our parents or other early informants.…
* If we care whether our beliefs are true or reliable then we must care about the reasons for accepting those beliefs…
One of the major debates in the sociology of religion is concerned with the extent to which modern industrial societies have become secularised. The founding fathers of sociology saw secularisation as the inevitable outcome of modernisation. Comte, Durkheim and Weber each assumed that when societies achieved scientific and technological complexity, individuals would cease to rely on religious meanings and explanations and instead use rational explanations to understand their world. It seems important to acknowledge then that religion should be understood, at least in part, as a source of knowledge. Both sociologists and philosophers have made a comparison between science and religion as belief systems. A belief system is a set of beliefs and ideas, which help people to make sense of and interpret the world. A community of experts who claim a special insight into the truth also supports such systems.…
John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding is a classic statement of empiricist epistemology. Written in a straightforward, uncomplicated style, the Essay attempts nothing less than a fundamental account of human knowledge—its origin in our ideas and application to our lives, its methodical progress and inescapable limitations. Even three centuries later, Locke's patient, insightful, and honest reflections on these issues continue to merit the careful study that this guide is intended to encourage.…
Immanuel Kant argued that although human knowledge comes from experience, nonetheless knowledge must be grounded in some necessary truths. It is hard to see how the existence of logically and metaphysically necessary truths is enough to ground human knowledge. Following Kant’s reasoning, there are certain types of knowledge we have no access to. I will argue that Presuppositionalism is more plausible than Kant’s skepticism about certain types of knowledge, and that from the Presuppositionalist perspective skepticism is self-refuting. If we don’t assume that God exists, we find that we can’t reach certain conclusions and are left wanting.…
Throughout the course of history, humanity has done monumental task, from erecting the pyramids to manipulating cells in the human body. Knowledge has been the key part to mankind’s success. However, due to the knowledge humanity has obtained, destruction and suffering has become a piece of history. Knowledge is both gift and a curse for society. People has used it for exceptional things, however, some has been corrupted by the power it brings. The knowledge that was imparted to humanity, has become more powerful that any weapons, human has created. The power knowledge has is immeasurable, due to the potential of its growth. With all the goodness and evil it has brought to the world, mankind’s thirst for knowledge is still unquenched, good…
* This is not to say that people of reason and logic did not previously exist; however, due to religious superstition, controlling governments, socioeconomic rank, poverty, and prejudice, society was not conducive to the development of new ideas, especially those that promoted change.…
There is no singular definition of knowledge, but for the purpose of this paper; knowledge will be defined as the familiarity with a situation or fact. Ethics, on the other hand, is a set of moral principles that govern a person’s behavior. Simplifying the knowledge issue would be to state that: The familiarity of something (whether a fact or situation) entails compliance with ethical or moral obligations. In disagreement with the previous claim, I believe that the possession of knowledge does carry an ethical responsibility.…
Throughout narration certain recurring questions have been answered in dissimilar theological and philosophical terms. Perhaps the most debated question has been whether God is to be known by reason, by faith, or by experience. Every clarification has had influential and persuasive…