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Reducing Health Disparities in African American Communities through Culturally Competent Church-Based Interventions to Increase Physical Activity

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Reducing Health Disparities in African American Communities through Culturally Competent Church-Based Interventions to Increase Physical Activity
Reducing Health Disparities in African Americans Through Culturally Competent Church-Based Interventions to Increase Physical Activity

Suzanne Mosman
November 21, 2013
PHE 576: Physical Activity, Health, and Disease

Background & Statistics The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) states that there are 67 million Americans adults with hypertension (HTN). The highest rates are among African Americans, 42.5% of whom have HTN (CDC, 2012a). Over one-third of U.S. adults are obese, with Non-Hispanic Blacks having the highest age-adjusted rate, at 49.5% (CDC, 2012b). Strokes kill nearly 130,000 Americans every year (CDC, 2012c) and approximately 600,000 Americans die from heart disease annually, more than from any other cause (CDC, 2013a). Compared with the same age men and women, African Americans aged 45-74 had the highest death rates from heart disease and stroke in 2006 of all ethnicities (CDC 2013b). More than 25 million Americans are affected by diabetes, with Non-Hispanic Blacks again having the highest rate of all ethnicities (CDC, 2011). Age-adjusted death rates by race and Hispanic origin are also highest for Blacks (CDC, 2012a). The fact that African Americans are disproportionately affected by these conditions plays a major role in the health disparities experienced by this population (Deuster, Kim-Dorner, Remaley, & Poth, 2011). Healthy People 2020 defines a health disparity as, “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage” and which, “adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group” (Healthy People, 2010). Achievement of health equity for all Americans is an over-arching goal of Healthy People 2020 (Healthy People, 2010). Scholars, advocates, and researchers agree that this is a public health priority (Banks-Wallace, Enyart, & Johnson, 2004; DeHaven


References: Banks-Wallace, J. (2007). Outcomes from walk the talk: a nursing intervention for black women. The ABNF Journal, Winter 2007, 19-24. Retrieved from Ebsco Host, November 7, 2013. Brach, C., & Fraserirector, I. (2000). Can cultural competency reduce racial and ethnic health disparities? a review and conceptual model. Medical Care Research and Review, 57(181), 181-217. doi: 10.1177/1077558700574009 Bureau of Labor Statistics, U Butler-Ajibade, P., Booth, W., & Burwell, C. (2012). Partnering with the black church: recipe for promoting heart health in the stroke belt. The ABNF Journal, Spring 2012, 34-37. Retrieved from Medline, November 2, 2013. Campbell, M Centers for Disease Control. (2012a). Databriefs. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db36.pdf. Last updated 09/18/12. Centers for Disease Control. (2013a). Heart Disease. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm. Last updated 08/28/13. Centers for Disease Control. (2013b). Minority Health. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/populations/REMP/black.html. Last updated 07/02/13. Centers for Disease Control. (2012b). Obesity. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html. Last updated 08/16/13. Centers for Disease Control. (2012c). Stroke. Retrieved from www.cdc.glov/stroke/facts_statistics.htm. Last updated 10/16/12. Community Guide. (2013). Increasing physical activity. Retrieved from www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/index.html Last updated 09/25/2013. Crespo, C. J. (2013a). Physical Activity and Hypertension [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from d2l Online Web site: https://d2l.pdx.edu/d2l/llms/content/viewer/main_frame.d2l?ou=360434&tId=1446931 Crespo, C Crespo, C. J. (2013c). Physical Activity and Diabetes Mellitus [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from d2l Online Web site: https://d2l.pdx.edu/d2l/llms/content/viewer/main_frame.d2l?ou=360434&tId=1446931 Crespo, C Deuster, P. A., Kim-Dorner, S. J., Remaley, A. T., & Port, M. (2011). Allostatic load and health status of African Americans and Whites. American Journal of Health Behavior, (6), 641-653. Retrieved from PubMed, November, 5, 2013. DeHaven, M HealthyPeople.gov (2010). Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/about/DisparitiesAbout.aspx. Last updated 12/29/10. Holmes, J. S., Arispe, I. E., & Moy, E. (2005). Heart disease and prevention: race and age differences in heart disease prevention, treatment, and mortality. Medical Care, 43(3), 133-141. Retrieved from Medline, November 7, 2013. Kaiser Foundation. (2013). State Indicators. Retrieved from http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/poverty-rat-by-raceethnicity/ Lee, R Resnicow, K., Taylor, R., Baskin, M., & McCarty, F. (2005b). Results of Go Girls: a weight control program for overweight African-American adolescent females. Obesity Research, 13(10), 1739-1748. Retrieved from PubMed, November 24, 2013. Warburton, D. E. R., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin S. S. D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801-809. Retrieved from PubMed, on November 23, 2013. Yanek, L. R., Becker, D. M., Moy, T. F., Gittelsohn, J., & Koffman, D. M. (2001). Project Joy: faith based cardiovascular health promotion for African American women. Public Health Reports, 1(116), 68-81. Retrieved from Medline, November 1, 2013.
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