P1 Fluid Balance Health and Social Care Assignment

Cell Microstructure and function
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus

Chromosomes
Transfer RNA DNA
Messenger RNA
Centrioles
Phospholipids
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria

Lysosomes

Cell membrane
Cell membrane is a thin, elastically, living semi permeable membrane so it controls what goes in and out of the cells. Cell membrane is also made up of two layers of lipids with protein molecules between them which are called phospholipids bilayer. The outer side of each layers is hydrophobic (water hating) while the inward facing lipid chain that touch the water are hydrophilic (water-loving). Phospholipids act as building blocks of the biological cell membranes in virtually all organisms.
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control centre of a cell. It contains the cell's hereditary information (DNA) and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. The nucleus also controls the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins in the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

Nucleolus is one of the most essential elements of the nucleus. It is a tiny spherical shape at the innermost portion of the cell nucleus, non-membranous, minute organelles that is composed of protein and RNA and associated with the formation of ribosomes (cell structures where protein synthesis takes place) and ribosomal RNA (ribonucleic acid) and the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The main function of nucleolus is the production and assembling of subunits which together form the cell organelle called ribosomes. The ribosomes are a site for proteins synthesis; which is why the nucleolus plays an indirect but crucial role in the synthesis of protein. The nucleolus carries out 50% of the total production of RNA which takes place in cells. This functionality is attributed to hundreds of r-genes present in the nucleolus.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria is the second largest organelle with unique genetic structure and it is responsible for metabolism of cells so its primary function is to generate the energy that is required for cells activity by the help of using enzymes.
Golgi body
Golgi apparatus is a stack shaped organelles which compacts the proteins that are synthesize by ribosome so basically it stores and package the protein and lipids then export it to another cell organelles for the use inside the cells

Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) Endoplasmic is responsible for making the protein and lipid component of all the cells organelles There are 2 types of specific region of endoplasmic reticulum that are different in structure and function. The first one is Rough endoplasmic reticulum which contains lots of ribosomes and it also is sites of protein synthesis to make protein which are often send to Golgi body. Another one is Smooth endoplasmic reticulum which doesn’t contain ribosome’s but instead produces hormones and enzymes which often packages protein for transport and enzymes in smooth endoplasmic reticulum is vital to synthesize fats, phospholipids etc.
Ribosome
Ribosome is made up of rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) and proteins. Ribosome helps to make protein in single celled organisms. Ribosome’s is a site of protein synthesis which is the process where all the cells build protein. In this process both DNA and all types of RNA gets involved as well. Then the ribosome’s synthesize the protein into the rough endoplasmic reticulum which then transport to the Golgi apparatus DNA
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and it’s a molecule that contains the genetic code of all organisms. It is a very important molecule found in all living cells which contains information used in everyday metabolism and influence most of our characteristics such as eye colour, hair colour etc.

Messenger RNA

Messenger ribonucleic acid, commonly called messenger RNA or mRNA, is an RNA molecule that encodes a chemical "blueprint" for the synthesis of a protein. Messenger RNA contains a copy of the genetic data contained on a strand of DNA. The function of messenger RNA is to carry copies of the instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins to the rest of the cell or, more specifically, to the ribosomes.

Transfer RNA
Transfer RNA is a small, single-stranded RNA molecule that binds to amino acids and delivers them to the proper codon on messenger RNA. The trucks of protein synthesis that carry the specified amino acid to the ribosome

Chromosomes

A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are the organelle that acts as the “garbage disposal” of the cell by breaking down cell components that are no longer needed as well as molecules or even bacteria that are ingested by the cell..

Cilia

Cilia are hair-like projections that move in a sweeping motion to move things along. For instance there are cilia in the female's fallopian tubes to sweep the egg towards the uterus, and there are cilia in the respiratory tract to sweep inhaled particles back up towards the mouth to get them out of the lungs.