Nyungu-Ya-Mawe Research Paper

Military strength and power of the Kimbu society under the leadership of Nyungu-ya-Mawe made the state healthier. Nyungu-ya-Mawe was able to organize and train his army for security, defending both trade and the state and for expansion. He developed the famous army known as ‘Ruga-ruga’ simply meaning ‘young people with professional soldiers’. Ruga-ruga system was adopted from the Ngoni who migrated from the Natal Province in South Africa escaping the expansion of Shaka-Zulu and settled in central parts of Tanganyika (Tanzania mainland). Good leadership and governance of Nyungu-ya-Mawe made the Kimbu state powerful over other societies. Nyungu-ya-Mawe organized mobilized and controlled the society in all affairs of life for development.
Karagwe and Nkore were individual polities, while Buhaya refers to an area along the western side of Lake Victoria in which seven small states were recognized: Kiamutwara, Kiziba, Ihangiro, Kihanja, Bugabo, Maruku, and Missenye’. The Karagwe Kingdom was part of the 14th century Kitara Kingdom during the Bachwezi ruling dynasties and later when eclipsed the Abanyambo people claimed to inherit the area and establish their kingdom, Karagwe. The title for their kings is ‘Mukama’. The rise of King Ndagara (1820-1856) and Rumanyika helped the kingdom to rise in the 19th century. Iliffe (1995, 2007: 112) in his book provided that ‘the most prominent of the pastoral refugees from Bito control of Bunyoro were probably the Hinda clan, who established a kingdom in Karagwe in the high grasslands of northwestern Tanzania and then spawned further dynasties in Buhaya on the western shore of Lake Victoria’. The language of the kingdom is ‘haya’ where the nationality is Bahaya and the nation is Buhaya/Karagwe Kingdom. Originally, the Bahaya are counted to be a branch of the Ugandan Banyankole, sometimes the Banyoro and Batoko among the Abanyambo groups. Linguistically and historically the Bahaya have a link with the Luganda and
After the defeat of Germany during the World War One, 1914/1918, the two, were made ‘mandated territory’ under the League of Nations, controlled by the Belgium Free State of Congo until they regained independence in 1962.
NORTH-EASTERN AFRICAN KINGDOMS:

In this region there are famous kingdoms and empires including the Ancient Egyptian Kingdom, Kushite, Meroe, Axum, Nubia and Ethiopian Empire. Ethiopia was known as Abyssinia or ‘Habash’ in Arabic. These kingdoms will be discussed in details in chapter two of this book. In this chapter the similarities and differences on the level of development between Africa and Europe by 1500 A.D. has been well discussed providing historical information about these oldest kingdoms.
CENTRALIZED STATES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA:
Southern Africa is the region that comprises the modern colonial countries i.e. the Republic of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland and Lesotho. In pre-colonial era the region in particular South Africa was a combination of different societies including the Nguni speaking