Nursing: Essential Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Nursing: Essential Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Introduction Nursing Is Not Just a Collection of Tasks. to Provide Safe and Effective Care to the Clients, Nurses
THEORY OF SKILL ACQUISITION
BY HUBERT AND STUART DREYFUS
Sam Sedaei
One of the major aspects of traditional epistemology, and its manifestation in artificial intelligence research and the philosophy of mind is its emphasis on the formal system of deduction and premises and propositional knowledge. Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus argue that this formal system of deduction is one of the problems with traditional epistemology, since much of our sense of judgment and the process which we go through to form beliefs is not a matter of starting with premises and by plugging them into a formula in order to deduct conclusions. But rather it is a gradual process that involves being embodied in different ways and developing skills that would make it possible for us to deal with the world. By explaining the five stages that an individual goes through in order to become an expert, Dreyfus and Dreyfus justify their point of view on the topic of learning process and skill development. The main idea behind Dreyfus and Dreyfus’s skill development theories is the distinction they make between “knowing that” and “knowing how.” They argue that many skills, such as riding a bike or playing chess, could not simply be reduced to “knowing that.” The reason that many of us are not conscious of our “knowing how” is possibly because we take our knowing-how for granted. In traditional epistemology, the knowing-how and knowing-that is considered one concept, which is acquired through a formal system of deduction. However Dreyfus and Dreyfus argue that there are five clear stages that an agent goes through in order to evolve from knowing-that, novice, to knowing-how, expert.
Traditional epistemologists have a different way of looking at the stages of learning process. They believe that knowing-that and knowing-how is the same idea, which is a skill one should obtain in order to be able to do anything. They object to Dreyfus and Dreyfus’s theory on the learning process by saying that replacing a
BY HUBERT AND STUART DREYFUS
Sam Sedaei
One of the major aspects of traditional epistemology, and its manifestation in artificial intelligence research and the philosophy of mind is its emphasis on the formal system of deduction and premises and propositional knowledge. Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus argue that this formal system of deduction is one of the problems with traditional epistemology, since much of our sense of judgment and the process which we go through to form beliefs is not a matter of starting with premises and by plugging them into a formula in order to deduct conclusions. But rather it is a gradual process that involves being embodied in different ways and developing skills that would make it possible for us to deal with the world. By explaining the five stages that an individual goes through in order to become an expert, Dreyfus and Dreyfus justify their point of view on the topic of learning process and skill development. The main idea behind Dreyfus and Dreyfus’s skill development theories is the distinction they make between “knowing that” and “knowing how.” They argue that many skills, such as riding a bike or playing chess, could not simply be reduced to “knowing that.” The reason that many of us are not conscious of our “knowing how” is possibly because we take our knowing-how for granted. In traditional epistemology, the knowing-how and knowing-that is considered one concept, which is acquired through a formal system of deduction. However Dreyfus and Dreyfus argue that there are five clear stages that an agent goes through in order to evolve from knowing-that, novice, to knowing-how, expert.
Traditional epistemologists have a different way of looking at the stages of learning process. They believe that knowing-that and knowing-how is the same idea, which is a skill one should obtain in order to be able to do anything. They object to Dreyfus and Dreyfus’s theory on the learning process by saying that replacing a