Mrs A. Mweemba
National In-Service Teachers’ College
NISTCOL
Primary Teachers’ Diploma by Distance Learning
Module 3 Numeracy
Revised Edition 2006
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ZAMBIA
Acknowledgements
Writers Y. Mumbula R. Kapambwe G. Chilekwa P. Mbumwae J. Silwimba S. Golden C. Maambo Team leader and writer, Ministry of Education Hq Writer, Caritas High School, Kabwe Writer, Kitwe Teachers’ College Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, Teacher Education Department Adviser, Charles Lwanga Teachers’ College Module Manager, NISTCOL, Chalimbana
Revised in 2006 by
B. Nkhanta P. Mbumwae J. K. Shipola P.M. Muzumara P. Malambo P.M. Mbulo C. Kamanga L. Phiri Adviser School of Education, UNZA. Team leader and Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Deputy Team leader and Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Principal and writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana
Edit and Layout B.F.J. Brochez. V.V.O.B. (Flemish Association for International Cooperation and Technical Assistance) V.V.O.B. (Flemish Association for International Cooperation and Technical Assistance)
T. Meyns
© 2006 Ministry of Education – Republic of Zambia
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface Key icons used in this module General Introduction Unit 1: Counting systems How did numbers come about? The Egyptian system The Babylonian System The Roman system The Hindu-Arabic system Pre-number activities Early counting Meaning of counting numbers Number relations How do you introduce zero? Number patterns Place value The abacus Other number bases Unit 2: Addition and subtraction Addition Addition facts Using flash cards, dice and matching cards Doubles Addition using an
NISTCOL
Primary Teachers’ Diploma by Distance Learning
Module 3 Numeracy
Revised Edition 2006
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION ZAMBIA
Acknowledgements
Writers Y. Mumbula R. Kapambwe G. Chilekwa P. Mbumwae J. Silwimba S. Golden C. Maambo Team leader and writer, Ministry of Education Hq Writer, Caritas High School, Kabwe Writer, Kitwe Teachers’ College Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, Teacher Education Department Adviser, Charles Lwanga Teachers’ College Module Manager, NISTCOL, Chalimbana
Revised in 2006 by
B. Nkhanta P. Mbumwae J. K. Shipola P.M. Muzumara P. Malambo P.M. Mbulo C. Kamanga L. Phiri Adviser School of Education, UNZA. Team leader and Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Deputy Team leader and Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Principal and writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana Writer, NISTCOL, Chalimbana
Edit and Layout B.F.J. Brochez. V.V.O.B. (Flemish Association for International Cooperation and Technical Assistance) V.V.O.B. (Flemish Association for International Cooperation and Technical Assistance)
T. Meyns
© 2006 Ministry of Education – Republic of Zambia
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface Key icons used in this module General Introduction Unit 1: Counting systems How did numbers come about? The Egyptian system The Babylonian System The Roman system The Hindu-Arabic system Pre-number activities Early counting Meaning of counting numbers Number relations How do you introduce zero? Number patterns Place value The abacus Other number bases Unit 2: Addition and subtraction Addition Addition facts Using flash cards, dice and matching cards Doubles Addition using an