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Motivational Interviewing

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Motivational Interviewing
Motivational interviewing – Reflection
Motivational interviewing (MI) is psychological intervention that was originally developed through helping people with alcohol problem (Miller, 1983). MI is strongly ingrained in client-centred therapy of C. Rogers (1951) in its emphasis on understanding client’s internal frame of reference and present concerns, and in discrepancies between behaviours and values. However MI differs in having specific goal to reduce ambivalence about change and to increase intrinsic motivation to change. The most current definition of MI states that:

“MI is a collaborative, person-centred form of guiding to elicit and strengthened motivation for change” (Miller & Rolnick, 2009, p.137)

MI is goal-oriented method of communication with particular attention to the language of change. It is intended to strengthen personal motivation for and commitment to a target behaviour change by eliciting and exploring an individual’s own arguments for change (Miller & Rolnick, 2009). Earlier literature describes MI as two phase’s process. During first phase, intrinsic motivation for change is enhanced whereas in phase two, commitment to change is strengthened (Miller & Rollnick, 2002). More recent trend tends to divide MI into four overlapping processes; i.e. engaging, guiding; evoking and planning.

Collaboration, evocation, and autonomy, is central to MI (also known as the MI ‘spirit’). To achieve this, MI uses specific principles i.e. express empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance and support self efficacy. Different methods are suggested to accomplish these principles (e.g. building good therapeutic relationship, engagement, OARS, active listening, summarising, DARN, PAPA). MI is refined form of guiding communication style, also sometimes called as listening with a purpose. Asking, listening and informing in right way are core communication skills needed for successful MI. The concept of MI argues that no person is



References: Arkowitz, H., Westra, H. A., Miller, W. R., (2008). Motivational Interviewing in the Treatment of Psychological Problems. Guilford Press. Boyd, E Gibbs, G., (1988). Learning by Doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic. Martins, R. K., McNeil, D. W., (2009) Review of Motivational Interviewing in promoting health behaviors. Clinical Psychology Review, 29; 283–293. Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (2009). Ten things that Motivational Interviewing is Not. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37; 129-140. Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (2002). Motivation Interviewing: preparing people for change (2nd Eds.). New York: Guilford Press. Miller, W.R., Zweben, A., DiClemente, C.C., Rychtarik, R.G., (1992). Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual (volume 2). Washington, DC: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Project MATCH Monograph Series. Miller, W. R., (1983). Motivational interviewing with problem drinkers. Behavioural psychotherapy, 11; 147-172. Prochaska, J., Norcross, J., (2004). Systems of Psychotherapy: A thanstheoretical Analysis (5th Eds.). New York: Wadsmorth. Rogers, C. R., (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rollnick, S., Miller, W Rubak, S., Sandbaek, A., Lauritzen, T., Christensen B., (2005). Motivational interviewing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of General Practice, 55; 305-12. Soderlund, L. L., Madson, M. B., Rubak, S., Nilsen, P., (2011). A systematic review of motivational interviewing training for general health care practitioners. Patient Education and Counselling, 84; 16–26. Westra, H. A., Dozois, D. J. A., (2006). Preparing clients for cognitive behavioural therapy: A randomised pilot study of motivational interviewing for anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30; 481-498.

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