Fracking
What Fracking is:
Explain the process
drill a well
remove drill stem
insert casing
pump cement casing
use coiled-tubing to clean out steel casing
frac
use coiled-tubing to drill out zone plugs
flowback frac fluid
start production
What is used:
Friction reducers (reduces friction going down hole)
cross linkers for gel (makes gel linear so it will carry sand) Frac gel (made of guar beans and mineral oil)
buffers (ph of 10-13) (used to change the ph of the slurry going down hole) breakers (time delayed)(uncross links gel to help with floback after completion) Surfactants (used to clean casing while fracing, and also helps with floback) non-emulsifiers (keep slurry from breaking down while fracing) acids (used to break open shale or granite formations)
alphas (kills microbes in the formation)
frac sand (holds open the formation after fracturing)
Why it is dangerous:
Secrecy (2005-2009 94 million gallons "trade secret"
Waste water evaporates compounds that cause acid rain, ozone depletion, and contaminated air. 40,000 gallons of chemicals used per fracture.
Since 2005, 10.2 million gallons of chemicals containing carcinogens have been dumped into the ground. (highest texas oklahoma and colorado) 600 chemicals used have known carcinogens or hazardous air pollutants.
The Dangers of Hydraulic Fracturing
Fracking is short for hydraulic fracturing...
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