A. The message the authors, Bowlby and Anisworth, are trying to relate are, the impacts of stress on the biology body and minds, that disrupts the relationships on children’s social and emotional development. Healthy relationship is critical to children’s prosocial development, and attachment theory explains how the parent-child bond typically provides the building blocks for all future relationships by helping children master skills they will need to engage with others in positive and productive ways, to manage emotions and regulate stress. Bowlby was interested in understanding the separation anxiety and distress that children experience when separated from their primary caregivers. (J. Bart Klika, 2018)
Life course theory offers and another perspective that emphasizes the ways in which early adversity shapes an individual’s developmental trajectory and how transitions and turning points influence out comes that are shown at various life stages. The antisocial behavior varies, but usually they include some form of family problems, harsh or inconsistent disciplinary practices or actual child abuse, frequent changes in primary caregiver or in housing, learning or cognitive disabilities, or health problems.…