Experiment :Alkanes&Alkenes:Combustion and action of sulphuric acid
Experiment 1 :Alkanes&Alkenes:Combustion and action of sulphuric acid.
Introduction
In the study of organic chemistry, the organic compounds which are made up of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. They can be gases as, propane, they can be liquids, for example, benzene, or they can be low-melting solids and waxes, for example, polystyrene. There are four classifications of hydrocarbons; saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes, unsaturated hydrocarbons or alkenes and alkynes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes. The different between these groups is in the bond types between the carbons.
Objective:
1- To observe the flame of cyclohexane and cyclohexene.
2- To observe the effect of adding sulphuric acid on cyclohexane and cyclohexene.
Apparatus Needed:
Test tubes and rack, watch glass, and matches.
Chemical Needed:
Cyclohexane,Cyclohexene, 1M of sulphuric acid.
Procedures:
A. Combustion (to be performed under fume hood)
1. 2-3 drops of liquid cyclohexane are dropped onto a watch glass.
2. Fire is set to it.
3. The flame is observed and the results are recorded(whether it is clean or sooty).
4. Steps 1-3 are repeated with cyclohexene
B. Action of sulphuric acid (to be performed under fume hood)
1. 1M concentrated sulphuric acid is transferred in a dry test tube which held in a rack carefully.
2. 0.5 mL of the liquid cyclohexane is added. The test tube is shaken gently, then any changes is observed.
3. 1mL concentrated sulfuric acid is put in a dry test tube that held in a rack.
4. Steps from 1 to 3 are repeated with cyclohexene.
Results: Experiment
Observation(s)
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
Combustion
Flammable without soot.
Very flammable with soot.
Action of sulphuric acid
Two layers of colorless solution (Cyclohexan was at the top and the acid was at the bottom).
The color was blackish brown.
Discussions (A)
The molecular formula of cyclohexane is C6H12 and cyclohexene
Introduction
In the study of organic chemistry, the organic compounds which are made up of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. They can be gases as, propane, they can be liquids, for example, benzene, or they can be low-melting solids and waxes, for example, polystyrene. There are four classifications of hydrocarbons; saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes, unsaturated hydrocarbons or alkenes and alkynes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes. The different between these groups is in the bond types between the carbons.
Objective:
1- To observe the flame of cyclohexane and cyclohexene.
2- To observe the effect of adding sulphuric acid on cyclohexane and cyclohexene.
Apparatus Needed:
Test tubes and rack, watch glass, and matches.
Chemical Needed:
Cyclohexane,Cyclohexene, 1M of sulphuric acid.
Procedures:
A. Combustion (to be performed under fume hood)
1. 2-3 drops of liquid cyclohexane are dropped onto a watch glass.
2. Fire is set to it.
3. The flame is observed and the results are recorded(whether it is clean or sooty).
4. Steps 1-3 are repeated with cyclohexene
B. Action of sulphuric acid (to be performed under fume hood)
1. 1M concentrated sulphuric acid is transferred in a dry test tube which held in a rack carefully.
2. 0.5 mL of the liquid cyclohexane is added. The test tube is shaken gently, then any changes is observed.
3. 1mL concentrated sulfuric acid is put in a dry test tube that held in a rack.
4. Steps from 1 to 3 are repeated with cyclohexene.
Results: Experiment
Observation(s)
Cyclohexane
Cyclohexene
Combustion
Flammable without soot.
Very flammable with soot.
Action of sulphuric acid
Two layers of colorless solution (Cyclohexan was at the top and the acid was at the bottom).
The color was blackish brown.
Discussions (A)
The molecular formula of cyclohexane is C6H12 and cyclohexene
References: - Nic, M.; Jirat, J.; Kosata, B., eds. (2006–). "alkanes". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Online ed.). - R. T. Morrison, R. N. Boyd (1992). Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.