Intellectual development. Refers to the development if thinking and reasoning skills, such as the ability to solve problems and use ideas and concepts. J.W.B. Douglas (1964) found that working class pupils scored lower on tests of ability that middle class pupils. He argues that this is because working class parents are less likely to support their children's intellectual development through reading with them or other educational activities in their home.
The importance of language for educational achievement is highlighted by Carl Bereiter and Siegfried Engelmann (1966). They claim that the language used in lower class homes is deficient. They describe lower class families as communicating by gestures, single words or disjointed phrases.
Cultural deprivation theorists argue that parents' attitudes and values are a key factor affecting educational achievement. Leon Feinstein (1998) found that working class parents lack of interest was the main reason for their childrens underachievement and was even more important that financial hardship or factors within school.
Feinstein argues that middle class children are more successful because their parents provide them with rreply necessary motivation, discipline and support.
Cultural deprivation theorists argue that the lack of parental interest in their children's education reflects the subcultural values is the working class. A subcultural is a group whose attitudes and values differ from those of the mainstream culture. According to cultural depreciation theorists, large section as is the working class have different goals, besides, attitudes NAND values from the read of society and this is why their children fail at school.
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
Access how factors within educational policies in Britain cause educational underachievement for the working class subculture.…
- 620 Words
- 2 Pages
Good Essays -
There are huge differences in educational achievement between middle and working class pupils with regards to their home background and the level of parental support. The working classes use shorthand speech, short and simple ways of speaking, in addition to this they also use the language of friends and family which initially means that they have an understanding of what it means as there can be several meanings however because they are an intimate group of…
- 990 Words
- 4 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
Sub cultures are a group of people within society who share the same norms, values, beliefs and attitude that go against the main stream in society. This is usually different from or opposed to the main stream culture, for instance an anti-school subculture is more likely to be formed by pupils in lower streams. This is backed up by “They have examined the way in which labelling is linked to other processes within schools that result in class differences in achievement” (Item A) “These processes include self-fulfilling prophecy, streaming and the formation of pupil subcultures” (Item A) Therefore working class children will underachieve and middle class children will continue to progress. This can disadvantage working class children because of the use of home and school contracts. The education triage for working class are labelled as “hopeless cases” which then produces a selffulfilling prophecy and failure, which then leads to working class children going under stereotypical ideas. However, some labelled students go against their label to prove teachers wrong, which pushes them to do just as well as middle class children.…
- 880 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
Answer: Cultural repertoire consists of components that may influence the way a parent raises a child. Middle class child rearing, the book asserts, generally conforms to the logic of concerted cultivation, according to which parents view it as their duty to actively foster the development of their children’s potential skills and talents. By contrast, the book notes, working class and poor child rearing conforms to a logic of the accomplishment of natural growth, according to which parents assume that if they provide their children with love, feed and clothe them, and keep them safe, the children will grow and thrive spontaneously.…
- 510 Words
- 3 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
The environment where a child develops has influences on language development. Success at school depends very heavily on language for reading, writing, speaking and understanding. The children exposed to extensive vocabulary and complex grammatical structures more quickly develop language and also have a more accurate syntax than children raised in environments without complex grammar exposed to them. Low income household uses informal, simple language, sometimes ungrammatical and with limited explanation and vocabulary which is used between friends or family member. Unlike middle class household who uses formal language, when explanation and details are required and they uses a wider vocabulary They often have had fewer words spoken to them, with shorter utterances. They hear only the most commonly occurring words. By age 5, the child of a parent who is language focused has heard 50,000,000 words spoken as opposed to the child of a parent who is not language focused. That child has only heard10,000,000 words (Hart and Risley, 1995).…
- 1178 Words
- 5 Pages
Better Essays -
Cultural deprivation is the absence of expected and acceptable cultural phenomena in the environment which results in the failure of the individual to communicate and respond in the most appropriate manner within the context of society. There are three main factors that influence the cultural deprivation theory, IQ, language (elaborated speech code) and attitudes and values. In this essay I will be assessing the view that working class children under-achieve because they are culturally deprived and the factors supporting and opposing this theory, such as elaborated and restricted speech codes and how many working class students have restricted speech code due to the uncultured nature of their home life. In addition to attitudes toward learning and education.…
- 1216 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
A variety of material disadvantages that may confront ethnic minorities coming from working class backgrounds are they do not achieve the same level of education. The main achievers are Indian, Chinese and African students, but the lowest achievers are Turkish, Bangladeshi And Afro Caribbean students. The white working class students are the lowest achieving, which is peculiar because most sociologists are white who stereotype and label other students from different backgrounds.…
- 908 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
Intellectual development refers to the development of thinking and reasoning skills, such as the ability to solve problems and use ideas and concepts. Cultural deprivation theorists argue that many WC homes would lack the books, educational toys and activities that would stimulate a child’s intellectual development. J.W.B. Douglas’ study, the home and the school, explained WC failure as the result of a lack of parental interest and stimulation in the home. He found that WC pupils scored lower on tests of ability than MC pupils. He argues that this is because of the intellectual development difference, which can be as basic as MC parents reading with their child and WC parents not.…
- 1612 Words
- 7 Pages
Powerful Essays -
In this essay, I will be attempting to explain where I believe the causes of educational inequality lie. I will be focusing on 3 of the reasons that I believe there are such deep rooted inequalities in the education system. I believe that gender, ethnicity and class have the biggest impact on inequality in education. These are the issues which I will be discussing. The statistics are daunting, as Asthana, A (2010) states: boys are falling behind girls in 11 out of 13 learning categories by the age of five and Caribbean pupils are three times more likely to be excluded than any other ethnic group. I have chosen to focus on gender, ethnicity and social class in my essay, though these are by no means the only problems within the education system. I will start by discussing gender and educational inequality.…
- 3804 Words
- 16 Pages
Best Essays -
It is often said that intellectual development is vital in the younger years of a child life, this refers to a child's ability to solve problems and apply concepts and ideas. Bernstein and Young argue that Middle-class families will be able to afford toys that stimulate the mind, books and pre educational essentials, whereas the working class may struggle to buy such equipment, and therefore have a disadvantage compared to the Middle-class family.…
- 415 Words
- 2 Pages
Satisfactory Essays -
According to Bourdieu, the education systems of western societies function in such a way as to legitimatize class inequalities (Bourdieu, 1977). Success in the education system is enhanced by the possession of cultural capital (which is determined the dominate culture) and Lower-class pupils do not, in general, possess these traits. Bourdieu then supposes that the failure of the majority of these pupils…
- 1508 Words
- 7 Pages
Powerful Essays -
Cultural deprivation theory is not now so significant in theory as it once was, but it still justifies some thought. It begins with the understanding that working class people have a different culture from middle class people. It then notes that working class people do less well in education. Some theorists then make a causative link between the two ideas and suggest that working class people do less well because their culture is somehow inferior. This is a political view as it so critical of working class culture. It points out that the working class does less well and then moves on to blame the victims for their own failure. However, there is an element of attractive common sense appeal to the idea. There are two questions to be considered here: • Is there a culture or cycle of disadvantage? • Is the culture of working class people different or deficient? Melvin Kohn tested families in Washington DC in the 1940s and 50s and discovered that there are class differences in culture. He described middle class parents as desiring independence of mind and working class parents as valuing obedience. John and Elizabeth Newson (1963) in Britain made similar findings in their study of families in Nottingham. They further claimed that poverty led to irritability among mothers. Oscar Lewis in the late 1950s introduced the idea of the culture of poverty. He claimed that poor people developed distinct sub-cultural values to enable them to survive poverty, but which disadvantaged children in school. At an individual level, people grow to feel helpless and disempowered to change their circumstances. By the age of six or seven, children have absorbed the values of their culture and cannot take advantage of opportunities that may occur. This idea is linked with the commonly held view of the cycle of poverty. Hints and tips If you consider whether there is a culture of failure, consider also whether a culture of success may have a…
- 999 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
Some sociologists argue working class children underachieve because they are deprived economically and their parents aren’t able to spend money on them for school. Because their parents have less paying jobs they won’t have money to spend on school equipment like textbooks, stationery, a uniform etc. A study done by a sociologist showed that the cost of items such as transport, uniforms, books, computers, calculators, and sports, music and art equipment places a heavy burden on poor families. However this should not be a problem as they would be provided with a bursary, the school library provides textbooks and the school and teacher provide with the equipment the student cannot get. And therefore the lack of money should not be a problem or reason for why the working class underachieve.…
- 868 Words
- 3 Pages
Good Essays -
The first factor that influences human development is a person’s socioeconomic status. This indicates a person’s position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence. As a child, socioeconomic status has a big effect on the way a child is raised and the opportunities available to him/her. Children that come from high socioeconomic status families typically are more successful because they have more resources readily available to their children. They are able to afford high-quality childcare, education, and healthcare. Their children are also typically more involved in recreational sports and extra-curricular activities broadening their children’s horizons and talents. Children that are raised in low socioeconomic families lack the financial, educational, and social support that would make them feel equal to children from higher social standing families. These feelings of unease and not fitting in can lead to low confidence and low motivation. Children have to live with these feelings and the circumstances they were born into until they become adults and can make their own livings. Anyone is capable of overcoming his or her circumstances! When children grow up, they get to decide how far they want to take their education and what type of career field they want to go into as…
- 1662 Words
- 7 Pages
Good Essays -
They concluded that indeed race is a social construct and in fact they regarded it culturally constructed (Emmanuel, 2008). By culturally constructed, it means that race is a concept that people came up with; accepted and adopted. It is very important to understand race as a social construct because it explains how it can affects so many aspects of an individual’s existence. With regards to education and schooling experience for young children, race can be an influential factor. This is because race can positively impact the education and schooling experience of some children while it can negatively impact the education of others. There are inequalities to accessible education for some children as a result of their race. For example in India; children who are born in lower caste families don’t easily access education and if they do their learning experiences are not very good (Morrow, 2013). Moreover, usually completion of formal education for the children born in the lower caste communities is not a guarantee of employment or better yet, good employment. Therefore these children simply have very low expectations or aspirations to achieve anything academically. In Peru, the pattern of inequality in accessing education is notably high (Ames, 2012). For the original inhabitants that live in the rural areas, access to basic needs for example water, electricity etc is very difficult. Education for young children is also hard to access. In fact until the mid twentieth century; their children didn’t attend or receive any formal learning! When they do access education, the quality is usually substandard because they use special syllabuses and the schools are usually…
- 962 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays