Biological Explanations Of Depression
Depression
Diagnosis and classification of depression
Depression is classified under the DSM as a mood disorder. Most depressed individuals will suffer from only one type of depression (unipolar), whereas others may experience states of mania that alternate with depression (bipolar).
Comer (2001) claimed depression is ‘a low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt or related symptoms’.
Diagnosis requires the presence of 5 of the following symptoms (which must include either depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure). These symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in general functioning, and must not be accounted for by bereavement.
* Sad, depressed mood (e.g. …show more content…
SA said that symptoms were a problem in social and moral terms and suggested self-management and non-professional help. EA emphasized biological explanations for symptoms including hormonal imbalance and neurological problems.
Biological explanations of depression
Genetics:
Family studies- having a first-degree relative with depression appears to be a risk factor for depression. Family studies select people that already have depression and examine whether their family members have or may have depression.
Gershon (1990) carried out a meta-analysis of 10 family studies and found clinical depression in first-degree relatives ranged from 7% to 30% (which is higher than the general population.
Twin studies- By comparing genes in both MZ (identical) and DZ (non-identical) twins, we are able to see the effects of genetics within disorders.
McGuffin et al (1996) studies 177 people with depression and their same sex twin. The concordance rate (similarity rate) was 46% in MZ twins and 20% in DZ twins, suggesting that depression has a hereditary component.
Adoption …show more content…
These negative schemas are activated whenever the individual encounters a new situation that resembles the original conditions in which this schema was learnt. Negative schemas are also subject to cognitive-biases in thinking (e.g. over-generalisations/ sweeping conclusions of self-worth on the basis of one negative piece of feedback) - which lead Back to develop the Negative Triad, a pessimistic view of the self, the world and the
Diagnosis and classification of depression
Depression is classified under the DSM as a mood disorder. Most depressed individuals will suffer from only one type of depression (unipolar), whereas others may experience states of mania that alternate with depression (bipolar).
Comer (2001) claimed depression is ‘a low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt or related symptoms’.
Diagnosis requires the presence of 5 of the following symptoms (which must include either depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure). These symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in general functioning, and must not be accounted for by bereavement.
* Sad, depressed mood (e.g. …show more content…
SA said that symptoms were a problem in social and moral terms and suggested self-management and non-professional help. EA emphasized biological explanations for symptoms including hormonal imbalance and neurological problems.
Biological explanations of depression
Genetics:
Family studies- having a first-degree relative with depression appears to be a risk factor for depression. Family studies select people that already have depression and examine whether their family members have or may have depression.
Gershon (1990) carried out a meta-analysis of 10 family studies and found clinical depression in first-degree relatives ranged from 7% to 30% (which is higher than the general population.
Twin studies- By comparing genes in both MZ (identical) and DZ (non-identical) twins, we are able to see the effects of genetics within disorders.
McGuffin et al (1996) studies 177 people with depression and their same sex twin. The concordance rate (similarity rate) was 46% in MZ twins and 20% in DZ twins, suggesting that depression has a hereditary component.
Adoption …show more content…
These negative schemas are activated whenever the individual encounters a new situation that resembles the original conditions in which this schema was learnt. Negative schemas are also subject to cognitive-biases in thinking (e.g. over-generalisations/ sweeping conclusions of self-worth on the basis of one negative piece of feedback) - which lead Back to develop the Negative Triad, a pessimistic view of the self, the world and the