simplest way to synthesize an ether is to have an alkoxide react with a primary haloalkane or a sulfonate ester under typical SN2 conditions. The scientist who developed this reaction‚ Alexander W. Williamson‚ was a professor at University College in London in the latter part of the 1800’s. This reaction has been around a while! Secondary haloalkanes and sulfonate esters are occasionally used in the Williamson ether synthesis but the yields are often poor. The ether prepared in this experiment is
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William son Eth er Synth esis Introduction In this reaction‚ an alcohol is deprotonated to form a good nucleophile‚ which then attacks the electrophile methyl iodide to form an ether. Tetrabutylammonium bromide‚ a phase transfer catalyst‚ is used to carry ions back and forth between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. OH O NaOH + NaI + H2O CH3I Before coming to lab‚ please review the following techniques: "Reluxing a reaction‚" "Extraction and washing‚" "Drying an Organic Solvent‚" "Evaporating
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Procedure The procedure stated in Chem 2120 experiment 6 Williamson Ether Synthesis of Phenacetin laboratory manual was followed without any major changes. Data and results Compound Amount used MW (g/mol) Moles Stoichiometry/Comments acetaminophen 0.354 g 151.16 2.34 x 10-3 limiting reagent ethyl iodide 0.3mL 155.97 3.75 x 10-3 1.6 equiv ’s sodium ethoxide 2.6mL 68.05 3.3 x 10-2 catalyst‚ reaction solvent crude product obtained: phenacetin 0.32g
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Anesthetic ether is the actually diethyl ether CH3CH2OCH2CH3. It has been used as an anesthetic in medical surgery for over 150 years‚ though the hypnotic effects of ether was already discovered 500 years ago. The historical development of ether anesthesia is very dramatic and interesting. Ether anesthesia: The historical development Ether was discovered in 1275 by Spanish chemist Raymundus Lullius‚ and was named ¡§sweet vitriol." In 1540‚ a German scientist Valerius Cordus described the synthesis
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Experiment #8 – properties of Alcohols and Phenols Introduction As has been mentioned before‚ over 20 million organic compounds have been identified. If each substance had to be studied as an entity completely separate from all the other substances‚ the study of organic chemistry as a whole would be impossible; that is to say‚ even more impossible than you currently believe it to be. Fortunately‚ the subject can be organized and it is often organized around the concept of the functional group
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ETHER THE MAGIC OF PAINLESS SURGERY FIRST USED BY Dr. CRAWFORD LONG(1815-1875) Dr Crawford Williamson Long and ETHER to create painless surgery. In March 1842‚ Dr Crawford Williamson Long removed 2 tumours from the neck of a Mr James Venable under ether anaesthesia. But how did Dr Long come to this discovery? When Dr Crawford Long was at school and at Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania‚ it was fashionable with students to inhale gases like ether to create
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1. Name of the Case: Linda W illiamson v. City of Houston‚ Texas‚ 148 F.3d 462‚ 1998. 2. Facts: In 1990‚ Linda Williamson‚ a police officer with the City of Houston Police Department‚ was assigned to the Organized Crime Squad. Officer Doug McLeod‚ another member of this squad‚ began sexually harassing her on a daily basis and this behavior lasted for approximately 18 months. The harassing behavior occurred in front of other police officers‚ including the officers’ supervisor‚ Sergeant Bozeman. McLeod’s
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Speech The power issues in The Club by David Williamson are shown throughout the play. The characters are all different with their personalities and roles within The Club. In his play The Club‚ David Williamson presents numerous Australian attitudes of the 1970s. However‚ many of these attitudes are still relevant and fairly accurate representations of Australian attitudes in the 1990s‚ David Williamson uses power to show the tension in the club and between the members. Tradition plays a very important
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The goals of this experiment are to determine if the products derived from amide synthesis and Williamson Ether Synthesis are identical‚ and if one of the synthetic routes is more advantageous than the other. In Part 1‚ an attempt to synthesize acteophenetidin crystals by amide synthesis was made. We began by removing the colored impurities from the p-Phenetidine (reddish-brown) by placing 2g of the sample in 38 mL of hydrochloric acid and heating the solution to boiling point. Upon reaching just
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Cyclops Paper The Klan was very influential in Williamson County‚ in November 1922 seventeen men walked in the First Christian Church on Sunday morning in full Klan regalia‚ hoods up and everything. But what they didn’t know was this wasn’t going to be the last time these men would wreak havoc on their day to day lives. The Klan had a severe prejudice for immigrants and took up residence in small towns in southern Illinois. Williamson County was the perfect place for them. They led residents
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