State Formation A Historical Systems Approach Note: This page is part of the archives of the Phrontistery‚ but is no longer being updated. This is a revised version of a paper originally written in 1995 as part of an honours degree project. It is somewhat academic in nature‚ so be warned. While my opinions on some of the issues discussed herein have changed somewhat‚ my theoretical interests are substantially similar to those in this paper. Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Illusory Dichotomy:
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Contract Law Notes Contracts ‘A’ Offer Bilateral contracts Unilateral contracts Offers to the public at large What is an offer? Mere puff Supply of information Invitation to treat Categorizing transactions Advertisements a) Advertisements in a catalogue or a curricular b) Advertisements in newspapers or magazines c) Advertisements appearing on the internet d) Display of goods Auctions a) Advertisement of auction b) Auctions with reserves c) Auctions without a reserve Tendering
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FORMATION OF AGENCY QUESTION 2 Introduction Agency define which subsists between principal and an agent‚ where the agent has been authorized to act for the principal or represent him in dealing with others or 3rd party. Agent is person who is employed by the principal to do certain act for him to represent him in dealings with 3rd party. Principal is a person who authorizes the agent to act on behalf of him. There are five formation of agency‚ which is by express appointment‚ by implied appointment
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Contracts II Outline Fall 2005 Professor Jean Powers Cited to Crandall & Whaley’s Contracts‚ 4th Edition I) Damages (227) A) Introduction (227) 1) General Rule – Contract damages should put the π in as good of a position as if the contract was fulfilled. 2) No action on a contract need be present for damages to be proper. An executory contract will suffice. B) Measuring Expectation Damages (229) 1) Expectation = Expected Value + Costs – Expenses Mitigated 2) Repair Theory – Damages should
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1 FORMATION AND INCORPORATION OF COMPANIES L Meaning of Company L Advantages of Certificate of Incorporation L Characteristics or Essential Features of a Company L Effect of Certificate of Incorporation L Floatation of Company L Types of Companies • Chartered Companies L Certificate of Commencement of Business • Statutory Companies L Memorandum of Association • Registered Companies L Contents of Memorandum of Association L Introduction Companies Limited by
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Nd Contracts Outline Professor Murray 1. Contract Remedies (Chapter One) What is a contract?- promise or set of promises‚ for breach of which the law gives a remedy or the performance of which the law recognizes as a duty. Types of contracts- a. express: formed by language‚ oral or written b. implied: formed by manifestations of assent other than oral or written language; by conduct. c. quasi: not contracts at all‚ construed by courts to avoid unjust enrichment‚ by permitting plaintiff
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Contracts Review Common law majority Rule UCC Article 1 & 2 (transaction in goods)- usually same as majority common law except in a few areas Significant minority rules- will be on test and are there to fool you. DO NOT CHOOSE! 34 Contracts MCQ * 60% Offer and Acceptance (6-8 Qs)‚ Conditions (6-8Qs) and Remedies- UCC and Common law (6-8 Qs) * 40% - 1-2Qs on the following areas * Consideration * 3rd party beneficiaries * Assignments and delegations * Statute
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4. Aspects of Formation for Laity Both the Fathers of Vatican II and the bishops at the 1987 Synod on Laity use the word “integral” to describe the formation for laity. The lay apostolate can only be effective “through manifold and integral formation”. In discovering and living their proper vocation and mission‚ the laity must be formed according to the union which exists from their being members of the Church and citizens of human society. The many interrelated aspects of a totally integrated
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CONTRACTS Stages in the life of a contract: 1. Preparation/Generation 2. Perfection/Birth 3. Consummation/Death Characteristics of Contracts: (ROMA) 1. Relativity (Art. 1311) 2. Obligatoriness & Consensuality (Art. 1315) 3. Mutuality (Art. 1308) 4. Autonomy (Art. 1306) Stipulation pour Autrui - stipulation in favor of a 3rd party. Requisites: 1. The stipulation must be part‚ not whole of the contract; 2. the contracting parties must have clearly and deliberately conferred
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These early societies gathered in areas that had certain shared characteristics. In a brief essay (three paragraphs)‚ describe the key elements e.g. geographic characteristics‚ food cultivation techniques‚ social organization‚ etc. necessary for the formation of early societies. Give examples of these elements from at least three of the major regions where early societies formed. Utilize web resources to research and provide citation for evidence from your selected sources. Thesis Statement:
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