Chapter 9: Muscles and Muscle Tissue‚ Lecture Outline: I. Overview of Muscle Tissues (pp. 276–278; Table 9.1) A. Types of Muscle Tissue (p. 277; Table 9.1) 1. Skeletal muscle is associated with the bony skeleton and consists of large cells that bear striations and are under voluntary control. 2. Cardiac muscle occurs only in the heart and consists of small cells that are striated and under involuntary control. 3. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs and
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Muscle Fiber contractions for our purposes begins with the arrival of action potential (action potential- is an electrical current) at the end of the axon terminal (axon terminal- the swollen distal end of the motor neuron axon). When the action potential reaches the axon terminal the action potential causes the voltage- gated calcium ion channels to open allowing calcium to flow in from extracellular fluid. The presence of calcium in the axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles (synaptic vesicles-
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Refractory Period of Cardiac Muscle Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You have not completed the Pre-lab Quiz. 07/10/13 page 1 Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: When you increase the frequency of the stimulation‚ what do you think will happen to the amplitude (height) of the ventricular systole wave? Your answer : a. The amplitude will increase. Predict Question 2: If you deliver multiple stimuli (20 stimuli per second) to the heart‚ what do you think will happen? Your
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Lab #3: Isotonic contraction and the effect of load on skeletal muscles Abstract The job of the motor nervous system is to control certain elements in muscles simultaneously to ultimately produce movement. Movement of the body is the result of specialized cells directly associated with skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscle and must contract before movement can occur. We know the muscle team moving the arm is formed at the biceps and triceps. Biceps can bend the elbow‚ but
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Muscle contractions and stimulations play a very integral part in the functioning of an organism and muscles are especially function for force production and motion all this is highly influenced by specific temperatures‚ electrical impulses‚ proteins and enzymes and other factors that occur whether on the inside or the external environment of an organism (Amitrano & Tortora‚ 2012). Proteins as defined by Cheeke 2010‚ are molecules that are made up of amino acids and are responsible for almost all
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Most of our skeletal muscles are attached to bone on either end by tendons. As the muscles contract‚ they exert force on the bones. This force helps to support and move our body. Normally one end of the muscle is fixed in its position and the other end moves during contraction. The Origin is the attachment site that is stationary during contraction. The insertion is the site that does move when a muscle contracts. When we discuss the position of the Origin and insertion points‚ the insertion
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1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ACETYLCHOLINE Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the first neurotransmitters to be discovered and Otto Loewi first described is as ‘vagus stuff’ as it is able to mimic the electrical stimulation of vagus nerve. Acetylcholine is produced by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase‚ using acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and dietary choline as substrates. Acetylcholine and the interaction with its target have played a critical role in the basic concepts of neurochemistry. Chemical
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Experiment 2: Skeletal Muscle ABSTRACT Frog skeletal muscle is used as an animal model to study muscle contraction. The objectives of this experiment is to demonstrate the physiological responses of skeletal muscle to electrical stimuli using frog gastrocnemius‚ to understand twitch‚ summation‚ tetanus and fatigue‚ to investigate the relationship between initial tension and force of contraction‚ to explore the differences between human and frog skeletal muscle. The threshold voltage is 0.4V. The
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tissue in a muscle. Epimysium (sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle as a whole)‚ endomysium (delicate connective tissue membrane covering the highly specialized skeletal muscle fibers) ‚( perimysium (tough connective tissue surrounding fascicles) 2. Myofibrils are composed primarily of two protein filaments called _____________actin__________ and ___myosin_______________________. 3. What is a motor unit? Functional unit composed of a single motor neuron with the muscle cells it innervates
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Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle Cells and Their Packaging into Muscles 1. Use the items in the key to correctly identify the structures described below. g; perimysium c; fascicle Key: a. b. c. endomysium epimysium fascicle fiber myofibril myofilament perimysium sarcolemma sarcomere sarcoplasm tendon 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. connective tissue ensheathing a bundle of muscle cells bundle of muscle cells contractile unit of muscle i; sarcomere d; fiber a; endomysium
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