CHapter 16 THE BEHAVIOR OF COSTS Changes from the Twelfth Edition All changes to Chapter 16 were minor. Approach We have retained our approach of putting all C-V-P topics in a single chapter because many schools’ marketing and management accounting core courses start simultaneously‚ and marketing likes to have break-even analysis covered early in the management accounting course. Also‚ if there are students in the course with work experience or‚ in the case of MBA courses‚ with some
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Cost‚ Volume‚ and Profit Formulas Heather Jauregui University of Phoenix of Axia College “The Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis is the study of the effects of changes in costs and volume on a company’s profits.” (Kimmel‚ P.‚ Weygandt‚ J.‚ & Kieso‚ D. 2003) The analysis is used to maximize efficiency in a business. In order to be effective the CVP analysis has to make several assumptions. These assumptions are that the costs can be fitted into either fixed or variable categories. The
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practices which have played a central role in global benchmarking process in the steel industry. Mission and Vision The vision of the company is to be the world-wide leader in the steel and Iron products through excellence in operational standards and cost leadership. The mission of the company is to satisfy its customer with the best quality of products as well as to provide its product to all possible sectors where there is a requirement of steel or iron. Overview and Products With the above vision
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THE USE OF COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of contents CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION OF “COST VOLUME PROFIT ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR DECISION MAKING” 1.1 Background of study 2. Statement of the problem 3. Objectives of the study 4. Significance of the study 5. Research Questions 6. Research
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V-C-P Analysis 1 BEP (units) BEP (amount) BEP (amount) P/V ratio TOTAL FIXED COSTS SP per unit - VC per unit 2 BEP (units) x SP per unit TOTAL FIXED COST P/V ratio CONTRIBUTION per unit SP per unit Variable cost per unit SP per unit ASR - BESR 3 4 5 V/V ratio MARGIN of SAFETY MS (Amount) MARGIN of SAFETY MS (Units) MS ratio or % PROFIT PROFIT Sales Revenue for desired Op Profit 6 Units actually sold - BEP (units) 7 8 9 10 MARGIN OF SAFETY ASR (Actual sales revenue) MS (amount) x P/V ratio
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COST-VOLUMEPROFIT ANALYSIS Julie E. Colandog A systematic examination of the relationship among cost‚ cost driver or level of activity (volume)‚ and Sales Less: Variable Costs Contribution Margin Less: Fixed Costs Net Profit xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx CONTRIBUTION MARGIN INCOME STATEMENT e s Sa l Total Cost Break-even point Fixed Cost Break-even point is a condition where total revenue equals total cost and profit is equal to zero BREAK-EVEN POINT Break-even point (pesos) = Total Fixed
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000 Fixed expenses 330‚000 Net income (loss) $ (30‚000) 1. What was the company ’s break-even point in sales dollars in 2008? 2. How many additional units would the company have had to sell in 2009 in order to earn net income of $30‚000? 3. If the company is able to reduce variable costs by $2.50 per unit in 2009 and other costs and unit revenues remain unchanged‚ how many units will the company have to sell in order to earn a net income of $35‚000? Solution 1. $330‚000 ————
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CHAPTER 4 : COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS : A MANAGERIAL PLANNING TOOL SUMMARY Cost-Volume-Profit analysis estimates how changes in costs (both variable and fixed)‚ sales volume‚ and price affect a company’s profit. CVP is a powerful tool for planning and decision making. Operating Income = Total revenue – Total Expense Contribution margin is the difference between sales and variable expense. It is the amount of sales revenue left over after all the variable expenses are covered that can be used
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CVP ANALYSIS / BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS Break-Even Analysis Introduction Break-Even Analysis-Volume-Analysis is a systematic method of examining the relationship between changes in volume (that is output) and changes in Sales Revenue‚ Express and Net Profit. As a model of these relationships‚ Break-Even Analysis simpifies the real-world conditions which a firm will face. The objective of Break-Even Analysis is to establish what will happen to the financial results if a specified level of activity
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use of cost-volume-profit analysis as a management tool for decision making using Nigerian Breweries Plc as a case study. Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis narrowly called break-even analysis‚ is the application of marginal costing and seeks to study the relationship between costs‚ volume and profits at differing activity levels and can be a useful guide for short-term planning and decision making. There are series of relationship between costs‚ volume of production and profit. An understanding
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