TOWARD AN URBAN SOCIOLOGY OF MEGA-EVENTS Harry H. Hiller INTRODUCTION The density and diversity of urban populations has long been understood to provide a context for the expression of various forms of collective behavior in the public spaces of cities (Mumford 1961; Lofland 1998; Castells 1983; Jukes 1990; Jacobs 1961). From street festivals‚ parades‚ and pilgrimages to riots‚ marches of resistance‚ and demonstrations‚ such expressive and instrumental activities have been among the most observable
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In 2005‚ scholars presented a theory that exacerbated ill-advised deforestation; prolonged drought made the people of Mayan abandon it. This has been put to test with archaeological evidence and data on the environment. The catastrophic event theory focuses on more than one natural disaster such as volcanic eruptions‚ hurricanes and earthquakes as the cause of the fall of Mayan. Nevertheless‚ the insufficient archaeological evidence makes unfeasible that just a sole natural disaster would have a
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Seismic Conceptual Design of Buildings – Basic principles for engineers‚ architects‚ building owners‚ and authorities Hugo Bachmann Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) Federal Department of the Environment‚ Transport‚ Energy and Communications (DETEC) Seismic Conceptual Design of Buildings – Basic principles for engineers‚ architects‚ building owners‚ and authorities Hugo Bachmann Impressum Editor: Quoting: Swiss Federal Office for Water and Geology Swiss Agency for Development
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Volcanic Materials and Health Concerns Introduction: Basic Geology of Volcanoes A volcano can be a mountain like structure or a wide sloping hill that opens downwards to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When a break in the earth’s surface allows molten rock material to come up from the earth’s core‚ a volcano is formed. Volcanic eruptions can cause lateral blasts‚ lava flows‚ hot ash flows‚ mudslides‚ avalanches‚ falling ash and floods. These
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This article from News and Views discusses the observation and analysis of submarine volcanic eruptions. Volcanism underwater is unalike volcanism on land due to the differing qualities of water and air. Air is not as dense as water; the properties of air allow for larger eruptions than those that occur underwater (Mitchell 444). Pressure on the ocean floor does not allow water or gasses to escape from lava. This causes the eruption to have less of an impact underwater than it would if it were on
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Plate Tectonics: An Essay By: Grace Park Science 9 Mr. Achor 11-22-11 In the early 1900’s‚ scientists began to ask questions about the earth and it’s continents. Why are the same fossils found on opposite sides of the globe? Why do South America and Africa seem to fit together like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle? Some scientists went to rather extreme measures to explain these strange phenomenons. Others took the time to come up with detailed theories
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Introduction 2 Major Theories in Finance Three major pillars of modern finance. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Relates the risk of an asset to its required expected return. Dividend and Capital Structure Irrelevance (M and M) In a perfect world: i) A firm’s share value does not depend on the firm’s dividend policy. ii) The firm‟s total value does not depend on the amount of debt it has. Option Pricing Theory Can find the value of an option. Shares are a call option on the firm’s
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host an international sporting event‚ there is always the possibility that revenue will not exceed expenses. How would you respond to a local group that would rather have the city’s money spent on social programs? When a city is preparing a bid to host an international sporting event‚ some parts of the community will argue that the taxpayer’s money should be invested into social programs that will benefit the community‚ rather than into sporting events. It is a valid argument that hosting an international
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Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Earthquake-is violent shaking of Earth’s crust Focus-exact point within the crust where the fist movement occurs Epicenter-point on Earth’s crust directly above the focus Types of Seismic Waves P Wave Primary-1st Fastest Accordion-in and out S Wave Secondary Snake-like Can’t travel through liquid Surface Wave-roll through the top of the crust creating the most damage Measuring Earthquakes Mercalli scale -measures damage The Richter
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Thera‚ the volcanic caldera in Greece that violently erupted 3500 years ago spawning the myth of Atlantis‚ and wiping out most of the Minoan civilization‚ is deforming. Scientists suggest that this caldera‚ a crater-like volcano that has collapsed in the past‚ may erupt again‚ making the people of the island vulnerable. The deformation could cause many disasters such as tsunamis‚ earthquakes‚ and obviously eruptions. Scientists argue whether the volcanic caldera unrest is actually a threat to the
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