Introduction to the Magnetic Treatment of Fuel By R.J. Kita Hydrogen is the lightest and most basic element known to man. With its simple structure comprised of only one proton and one electron‚ it is one of the major constituents of all hydrocarbon based fuels. By studying the response of hydrogen with respect to magnetic fields and the accompanying increased energy output‚ much can be learned and applied to other related fuels. In the oxidation/combustion of hydrocarbon fuels‚ it is the outer shell of the
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Ethanol‚ a Fuel? Ethanol fuel is a type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages that is often made from common agricultural products. It is either mass-produced by fermentation of sugars or from cellulose. Wheat or corn kernels are ground in a hammer-mill to expose the starch‚ the ground grain is then mixed with water‚ heated briefly and enzymes are added to convert the starch to sugar using a chemical reaction called hydrolysis. Yeast is added to ferment the sugars to ethanol and finally the
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A Fuel Alternative. The Search for an Alternative Fuel to Save the Environment… And Our Pockets. Long gone are the days were one could drive into a petrol station and fuel up your highly inefficient gas guzzling vehicle without a care for the environment and sustainability. The recent spike in the price at the bowser‚ damage to the environment and diminishing reserves has made it clear that a new‚ sustainable and clean fuel must be created in order for our vehicles and economy to operate.
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activities. It emphasizes institutions such as the travel agency. This approach requires an investigation of the organization‚ operating methods‚ problems‚ costs‚ and economic place of travel agents who act on behalf of the customer‚ purchasing services from airlines‚ rental car companies‚ hotels‚ and so on. An advantage of this approach is that the U.S. Census Bureau conducts a survey every five years on selected services that includes travel agents and lodging places‚ thus providing a database for
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Valves for Pulverized Fuel application Standards applicable:NFPA 8503 – Standard for Pulverized Fuel Systems –1997 Edition – is Obsolete and consolidated in NFPA 85 – Boiler and Combustion Systems Hazards Code – 2001 Edition (NFPA 85 is consolidation of NFPA 8501‚8502‚8503‚8504‚8505 &8506) Clauses applicable for Knife Gate valves for pulverized fuel application in NFPA 85 :1.3.171 1.3.171.1 Valve Barrier Valve – A valve‚ not necessarily gas tight‚ used to inhibit hot gases from traveling back into
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Anise oil was successfully able to be extracted from anise seeds during this experiment. It was done by first crushing the seeds‚ then placing them into a distillation apparatus. The distillation apparatus evaporated the liquid from the seeds‚ which was captured in a flask. Next‚ DCM was added to the distillate‚ which allowed the water to be separated from the anise oil. Finally‚ the DCM evaporated and the pure anise oil was collected. The process of steam distillation allowed the anise oil in the
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Developing Fuels Revision questions and suggested answers 1. Define ΔHfθ and ΔHcθ ΔHfθ the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states measured under standard conditions ΔHcθ the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound undergoes complete combustion measured under standard conditions 2. Write an equation for the enthalpy of formation of butane C4H10 4C(s) + 5H2(g) C4H10(g) 3. Write an equation for the
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The Institutional Design of the EU 1. Introduction EU institutions can be divided into two categories: those with supranational guidance such as: Commission‚ Parliament and Court of Justice and the intergovernmental orientation: Council of Ministers and the European Council. 2. European Parliament The UE institution which is directly elected by EU voters every 5 years. The number of MEPs for each country is roughly proportionate to its population. The Members of the European Parliament sit
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While fossil fuels are critical for the operation of our world their inefficiency and environmentally damaging characteristics take away from their appeal. Currently there are no suitable alternatives to our natural resources because they supply such a large amount of energy to so many people. Because of this research is being conducted to make our resources more efficient‚ and to find alternatives. This essay addresses the environmental impacts of our fossil fuels. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOSSIL
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EU Politics and Governance The success of the European Union stems from delivering its initial objectives which were a lasting peace‚ prosperity and security. Having done so has created a body of laws and norms known as acquis communautaire in the Community ’s parlance. However‚ when analysing closely‚ one finds that the EU exports its norms and regulatory policies to its allies and countries and regions throughout the world. Having studied many of the EU policies that are either intergovernmental
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