Serum creatinine concentration shows a relationship with GFR‚ making it specific‚ but not a sensitive measure of GFR. The creatinine pool is influenced by nutritional state‚ hepatic disease gender‚ ethnicity‚ protein intake‚ and age (Slack et al.‚ 2010). In liver cirrhosis‚ the decrease in serum creatinine is due to a 50% reduction in hepatic production of creatine; increases in volume of distribution due to accumulation of extracellular fluid‚ ascites‚ edema‚ loss of muscle mass and malnutrition
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ARF Case Study Acute Renal Failure Case Study Directions: Please carefully read the following case study and answer the following questions in typed format. The resources that you will need to complete this case study include your textbook and drug book. Please include in text citations. This independent assignment is worth 25 points. Ann Hayes‚ age 68‚ initially was admitted to the hospital for elective surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Her surgery was documented
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they do reflect the relationship between the alcohols and the other nonelectrolytes tested. For example‚ urea has a permeability of (1.16 ± 0.05) x 10-3 cm/s‚ which is very close to the alcohols’ permeability. Consistently‚ urea has a similar hemolysis time as the
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For this experiment‚ we pay close attention to the reaction where arginase catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. This reaction is a part of the urea cycle and occurs in mammalian livers and sometimes kidneys. The reactions take place within the mitochondria and cytosol(Nelson and Cox 2008). To investigate these reactions we measure the amount of urea produced with the use a sample of liver extract containing arginase. This is then added to solutions of arginine and water. We
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extracellular hydrolases. Four hydrolysis reactions are discussed in the report‚ bile esculin hydrolysis‚ starch hydrolysis‚ urea hydrolysis and casein hydrolysis. Bile esculin hydrolysis determines whether an organism is able to hydrolyze the glycoside esculin. Starch Hydrolysis identifies organisms that can hydrolyze starch. Urea hydrolysis tests for the ability of organisms to hydrolyze urea via the intracellular enzyme urease. Casein hydrolysis tests for organisms capable of hydrolyzing casein via the casease
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will be lower and the melting point range will be wider. Materials: The materials used in this experiment were Urea: CH4N2O and Cinnamic Acid: C9H8O2‚ and an unknown substance. The melting points were determined using an electronic melting point apparatus which utilized capillary tubes to hold the samples for observation. Experimental Procedure: Samples of pure cinnamic acid‚ urea‚ and an unknown substance were obtained. They were each placed into their own container and labeled. A very small
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more phases at a composition that has the lowest melting point‚ and where the phases simultaneously crystallize from molten solution at this temperature. Experimental procedure: * We transferred a little of powdered of each 5 compounds [ pure Urea‚ pure Cinnamic Acid and 3 mixtures] into different Capillary Tubes. * We inserted Tubes into the melting point apparatus and set up the melting temperature for the heating apparatus as follows: * Pure substance with 125 C. * 75%-25%
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The mass of urea was normalized so that it could become the equivalent of what it would’ve been in the larger solvent as numbered in Data Table 4. There wasn’t much difference between the corrected number of moles and grams of urea and the amount of urea used originally used in the experiment‚ so the ammonium chloride will be primarily compared to the corrected amount of urea to make sure that the amount of solvent is equal. Graph 1 and 5 and Data Table 2 show that the mass of solutes were overall
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determine the amount of urea in a specimen of urine. Introduction. Metabolism produces a number of toxic by-products‚ particularly the nitrogenous wastes that result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids. Amino (NH2) groups are the result of such metabolic reactions and can be toxic if ammonia (NH3) is formed from them. Ammonia tends to raise the pH of bodily fluids and interfere with membrane transport functions. To avoid this the amino groups are converted into urea‚ which is less toxic
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occurring in the cells must be excreted. However there are two products that are produced in very large amounts. Carbon dioxide from respiration. Nitrogen containing compounds such as urea. Where are these substances produced. Carbon dioxide is produced by every living cell in the body as a result of respiration. Urea is produced in the liver from excess amino acids. Where are the substances excreted? Carbon dioxide is passed from the cells of respiring tissues into the blood stream. It is
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