Urban Heat Island – Cause‚ Effects and Mitigation Measures in USA Table of Contents • Introduction • The Phenomenon of Urban Heat Island • Causes and Effects of UHI • Mitigation Efforts • Urban Heat Island (UHI) of Urban Cities of United States • UHI and Climate Trends of Some Major cities of US • Urban Heat Island (UHI) Mitigation Strategies in United States • Conclusion Urban Heat Islands Introduction Urban Heat Island – UHI is one of the important
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1007/s00484-009-0256-x ORIGINAL PAPER The urban heat island and its impact on heat waves and human health in Shanghai Jianguo Tan & Youfei Zheng & Xu Tang & Changyi Guo & Liping Li & Guixiang Song & Xinrong Zhen & Dong Yuan & Adam J. Kalkstein & Furong Li & Heng Chen Received: 17 December 2008 / Revised: 29 July 2009 / Accepted: 3 August 2009 / Published online: 1 September 2009 # ISB 2009 Abstract With global warming forecast to continue into the foreseeable future‚ heat waves are very likely to increase
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The term ‘urban heat island’ refers to the localized increase in temperature associated with an urban area. The UHI is an example of unintentional climate modification when urbanization changes the characteristics of the earth’s surface and atmosphere. It was observed that the UHI effect might result in minimum urban temperatures being 5-6° greater than the surrounding countryside. In the case of London‚ mean annual temperature was 11°C‚ while the surrounding countryside was 9.6°C and the suburbs
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"Greening urban areas is not just about making places look nice. Evaluate the contribution of green areas in cities to meeting the goals of sustainable development" (40 marks) Sustainable development is most frequency defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Thus‚ sustainable development means finding a balance between the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment. Sustainable
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Urban Sustainability Sci – 275 10-10-14 Instructor: Karen Marasigan By: Tyler Vesneski The program that I chose to implement into my hometown is “How to Build a Cooler City.” “From 1878 to 2005‚ Los Angeles temperatures rose 4 degrees on average‚ climbing from around 62 degrees to 66 degrees.” Urban areas such as Downtown Los Angeles are likely to rise 4 to 4.5 degrees within the next 10 years. My goal is to cut the cost of electric energy and make the city of Los Angeles a
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More than half of the world’s population lives in cities‚ a trend that is rapidly accelerating‚ especially in developing countries. In the USA‚ urban areas are merging into huge megalopitan areas‚ especially along interstate highways. Cities require and use large quantities of energy and materials‚ metabolizing them and generating large quantities of waste products and pollutants‚ resulting in unsustainable environments that adversely affect ecological integrity and diversity
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CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE GLOBAL HEAT BUDGET - 40 MARKS The global heat budget is the balance between incoming insolation‚ and outgoing radiation from Earth. There are many factors that influence this heat budget‚ some of which are more important than others. In this essay I am going to describe and explain each factor involved. Insolation is the incoming energy from the sun in shortwave ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The distribution of insolation over the Earth’s surface
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Amelia Scotney ‘To what extent do urban areas modify their climate?’ – 40 marks. Cities create their own microclimates and their sites are almost always warmer‚ compared to a nearby rural location‚ than if the city were not there. The differences in urban climates are due to a number of different factors. The Urban Heat Island effect is known as the zone of hot air that develops over the urban areas and consequently higher temperatures than the surrounding rural area. Temperatures progressively
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surfaces‚ how might temperatures differ between urban and rural areas? Which setting tends to be warmer on a given day and why? Also‚ are there any factors other than albedo that might affect the temperature differences between the two settings? On any given day the urban areas are hotter than that of the rural areas. Urban areas tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas due to urban heat islands Albedo is a major factor in increase of the urban temperature. Albedo is “the fraction of the total
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“Urban areas have a significant impact on climatic characteristics.” discuss this statement (40 marks) The weather is often very different in urban areas than the surrounding rural areas‚ variations can occur in temperature‚ humidity‚ precipitation‚ visibility and air quality. The urban canopy layer is the areas just below roof level where processes take place between buildings and the urban boundary layer is the dome over an urban area which extends downwind. Temperature is one characteristic
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