Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurred in the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expenses incurred on the production of a commodity. There are number of services and inputs such as entrepreneurship‚ land‚ capital etc.‚ which are offered by an entrepreneur without changing any price or receiving any payment for them. While computing the total cost of production‚ allowance should be made for such expenses. It is therefore essential
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TYPES OF COST AUDIT * Cost Audit to assist Management : The main object of this type of cost audit is to make available accurate‚ relevant and prompt information to management to assist it in taking important managerial decisions. * Cost Audit on behalf of the Government: The government may appoint a cost auditor to conduct cost audit where it is necessary(a) to do so in the opinion of the government under section 233-B of the companies Act‚ 1956; (b) to ascertain correct cost of certain
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Types of costs Classification of costs: • Materials – costs of raw materials‚ components and other goods used. • Labor – cost of employees wages and salaries. • Expenses – costs which cannot be included in materials and labor. Variable costs – these costs varies directly with changes in the level of quantity‚ over a defined period of time. Fixed costs – are not affected by the changes in the level of activity‚ over a defined period of time. Semi variable costs – for
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Cost of Production Fixed costs are those that do not vary with output and typically include rents‚ insurance‚ depreciation‚ set-up costs‚ and normal profit. They are also called overheads. Variable costs are costs that do vary with output‚ and they are also called direct costs. Examples of typical variable costs include fuel‚ raw materials‚ and some labour costs. An example Production costs Consider the following hypothetical example of a boat building firm. The total fixed costs‚ TFC‚ include
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the city of Halifax. Cost is intended as the value of resources used to produce something. For the sake of convenience of the reader I divided the cost into 4 subheadings: Fixed costs‚ Variable costs‚ Direct costs‚ Indirect costs and Sunk costs. Fixed costs are those costs which do not vary with the output produced that include salaries for physicians and nurses‚ technicians and nurse manager and different equipment used in ER department. On the other hand the variable cost varies with the amount
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Conceptual Framework Cost Accounting Cost accounting‚ as a tool of management‚ provides management with detailed records of the costs relating to products‚ operations or functions. Cost accounting refers to the process of determining and accumulating the cost of some particular product or activity. It also covers classification‚ analysis and interpretation of costs. The cost so determined and accumulated may be the estimated future costs for planning purposes‚ or actual (historical) costs for evaluating
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CHAPTER 6 PRODUCTION EXERCISES 4. A political campaign manager must decide whether to emphasize television advertisements or letters to potential voters in a reelection campaign. Describe the production function for campaign votes. How might information about this function (such as the shape of the isoquants) help the campaign manager to plan strategy? The output of concern to the campaign manager is the number of votes. The production function has two inputs‚ television advertising and
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TYPES OF COSTS Introduction :-Production is the result of services rendered by various factors of production.The producer or firm has to make payments for this factor services. From the point of view of the factor inputs it is called ‘factor income’ while for the firm it is ‘factor payment’‚ or cost of inputs.Generally‚ the term cost of production refers to the ‘money expenses’ incurredin the production of a commodity. But money expenses are not the only expensesincurred on the production
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Ronald Coase noted‚“The cost of doing anything consists of the receipts that could have been obtained if that particular decision had not been taken.” For example‚ the opportunity set for this Friday night includes the movies‚ a concert‚ staying home and studying‚ staying home and watching television‚ inviting friends over‚ and so forth. The opportunity cost of taking job A included the forgone salary of $102‚000 plus the $5‚000 of intangibles from job B. Opportunity cost is the sacrifice of
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Plant overhead $122‚000 D/L rate/hour $30 Youngstown has a traditional cost system. It calculates a plant-wide overhead rate by dividing total overhead costs by total direct labor hours. Assume‚ for the calculations below‚ that plant overhead is a committed (fixed) cost during the year‚ but that direct labor is a variable cost. 1. Calculate the plant-wide overhead rate. Use this rate to assign overhead costs to products and calculate the profitability of the four products. The assignment
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