intracavitary radiation) In this procedure the radiation oncologist places radioactive material (usually radium‚ cesium‚ or iridium)‚ into or onto the inflicted area. The purpose is to place the radioactive material as close to the tumor as possible. This can be done in two ways: (i) The radioactive materials are put in a sealed container‚ such as a tube or
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synthetic pathway to conjugate a human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein-derived peptide antigen to a star-polymer to create a macromolecular vaccine candidate to treat HPV-related cancers. These conjugates were able to reduce tumor growth and eradicate E7-expressing TC-1 tumors in mice after a single immunization‚ without the help of any external adjuvant. ■ INTRODUCTION Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions‚ and has been proposed as a promising strategy
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How Does Technology Influence Our Daily Lives The tеrm „ technology“ has been defined by the ancient Greeks as a collective term of human achievements‚ inventions‚ creations‚ knоwledge and expertise. Without a doubt‚ technology dramatically affects our lives in virtually each and every aspect and area. One of the greatest and most heated contemporary debates has been: „Does technology influence our lives in a positive or negative way?“ In my opinion‚ technology by itself has neither positive
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Crazy Lady Cancer NRS 410v January 25‚ 2014 Cancer Cancer is a disease with no regard for age‚ gender‚ or ethnicity. In 2013 nearly 1‚600 people a day died from cancer; and “cancer remains the second most common cause of death in the US” (ACS‚ 2013). There are twenty three cancer types currently identified. However‚ many people still do not understand what a diagnosis of cancer means‚ how cancer progresses‚ or the common complications with cancer. All valuable information
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topic will be discussed. “Radiation therapy is commonly applied to the cancerous tumor because of its ability to control cell growth. Ionizing radiation works by damaging the DNA of exposed tissue leading to cellular death. To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs which radiation must pass through to treat the tumor)‚ shaped radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor‚ providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding‚ healthy tissue
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BASIC CONCEPTS ENDOCRINE SYSTEM :- In physiology‚ the endocrine system is a system of glands‚ each of which secretes a type of hormone into the bloodstream to regulate the body. It derives from the Greek words endo meaning inside‚ within‚ and crinis for secrete. The endocrine system is an information signal system like the nervous system. Hormones are substances (chemical mediators) released from endocrine tissue into the bloodstream that attach to target tissue and allow communication among
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CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature The review of related literature in this chapter is composed of principles and discussions of facts about the side effects of radiation therapy to the cancer patients. The chapter begins with a brief history about radiology as a medical science‚ and radiation therapy as a form of medical treatment of diseases. Lastly it enumerates the side effects of radiation therapy and the risks associated with it. Brief History and Definitions of Radiology as a Medical
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identifying the type of cancer‚ and the grade. There are different ways of removing the body tissue‚ again dependent on various factors. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is a relatively simple procedure that can usually be done in an office setting for tumors or cancers that are close to the skin. Fluid and a small amount of tissue can are aspirated through the needle and syringe enabling speedy‚ cost
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other sites Routes of Metastasis Local Seeding – distribution of shed cancer cells occurs in the local area of the primary tumor. Blood-Bourne metastasis – tumor cells enter the blood‚ which is the most common cause of cancer spread. Lymphatic spread – primary sites rich in lymphatics are more suscepticble to early metastatic spread. Cancer Classification Solid Tumors – associated with the organs from which they develop‚ such as breast cancer or lung cancer Hematological Cancer – originate
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The human body‚ like most living organisms‚ needs energy to survive. Specifically‚ the lungs play an important role in the body’s energy production through gas exchange. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs when the body breathes in air. In this process‚ a cell’s mitochondria burns the oxygen from the air‚ converting it into ATP‚ also known as energy‚ and yields carbon dioxide and water that the body exhales. Because energy is vital to survival‚ it is necessary for the organs that
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