CHAPTER 14 1. Norm of reaction: the phenotypic range that a genotype is associated with due to environmental influences. 2. Multifactorial: characters that have many factors‚ both genetic and environmental‚ collectively influence phenotype. 3. Pleiotropy: when a gene controls multiple phenotypic effects 4. Epistasis: When a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus 5. Carrier: a person who is heterozygous for a recessive disease and therefore
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This final paper will discuss the ongoing debate of genetic/prenatal testing. Procedures for genetic/prenatal testing have been available since the early 1970’s (Press‚ 2008‚ pp. 73-78). Genetic testing identifies abnormalities or changes in the chromosomes and genes. This type of testing is used to confirm or deny a suspected genetic condition or used to predict a person’s chances of developing or passing on a certain disorder (Grant‚ 2000). Once the woman wants to go ahead with the genetic testing
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the technology existing at that time (Gibson‚ 1978). Also known as Trisomy 21 or‚ Down syndrome is the result of an extra 21st chromosome (Campbell &Reece‚ 2008). Instead of having two chromosomes on chromosome 21 they have three which means they will have 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46 (Campbell & Reece‚ 2008). Translocation can also happen which involves the attachment of the arms of chromosome 21 to chromosome 14‚ 21‚ or 22 also resulting in a child born with Downs although it is much
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needs. Down Syndrome Down Syndrome‚ also referred to as Trisomy 21‚ is a condition which causes delays in the development of children‚ both mentally and physically‚ due to extra genetic material. While normally when a baby is conceived it receives genetic information in the form of 46 chromosomes‚ 23 from the mother and 23 from the father‚ in a Down Syndrome the baby receives a total of 47 chromosomes‚ where an extra chromosome 21 is received. This extra chromosome causes the physical features
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Chromosomal Disorders 1. Name the condition. Edwards Syndrome (or Trisomy 18) 2. Outline the chromosomal abnormality. Trisomy 18‚ or Edwards syndrome‚ occurs when a person has a third copy of material from chromosome 18 instead of the usual two copies. 3. What chromosomes are involved? Chromosome 18 is the only chromosome involved with this disorder. 4. What does it affect? The majority of children born with Edward ’s syndrome appear both fragile and weak; many are underweight. Their
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The major question that many people ask themselves in regard to cancer is‚ is it hereditary? Could I be more susceptible to the development of cancer based on my family history? Pancreatic cancer is considered hereditary when a person has certain genetic syndromes. These genetic abnormalities cause as many as 10% of pancreatic cancers. Genetic syndromes that can cause exocrine pancreatic cancer are: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome Familial melanoma Familial pancreatitis Hereditary
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disruption or inflammatory lesion before 12 weeks. Certain medications such as Valproate‚ an epilepsy medication or drugs and alcohol are risk factors for this condition. Contracting rubella during pregnancy‚ chromosomal damage‚ and abnormalities like trisomy 21‚ 13‚ 11‚ 8 or 18 are also possible causes for ACC. Cysts inside the brain can prevent the development of the corpus callosum. The majority of ACC cases occur in conjunction with other brain abnormalities. The genetic disorders have a larger impact
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Chapter 10 Foundations of Genetics Lecture Notes 1 Foundations of Genetics Mendel and the Garden pea The father of modern Genetics is Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who lived in a monastery where the experiments with the garden pea were performed. Mendel’s work with the garden pea was the fundamental study which unveiled the laws that govern genetics and heredity. Mendel was the first to use the scientific method in a very systematic and analysed his results
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Meiosis is the separation of a diploid cell in which results in the production of four haploid daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes that were found in the parent cells. For example‚ the starting number of chromosomes is 46‚ which are paired into groups of two making 23 pairs of chromosomes. The process of meiosis is broken down into two courses: meiosis I and meiosis II. Before the stage of meiosis‚ a cell must undergo a phase described as interphase. Interphase consists of three
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Introduction The objective of the care of the special child assignment is to study a child with special needs in their typical everyday environment. I will study the child in the pre-school/ Montessori room. I will watch him working with the Special Needs Assistance* (SNA) and his interaction with the other children in the room. In this assignment I particular looked at: • The child’s use of space‚ environment and language. • To observe the child’s motor movements‚ both fine and gross
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