EXPERIMENT 2: SUSPENDED SOLIDS 1.0 OBJECTIVE This objective of this experiment is to determine the quantity of suspended solids in polluted water samples. 2.0 INTRODUCTION Water quality is vitally important in our daily life. However‚ due to water pollution‚ the quality of water is questionable for safe usage. In order to determine water quality‚ one of the indicator and measurement that can be used is by suspended solids (SS). Suspended solids is one type of physical water-quality measurement
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The total suspended solids (TSS) are the cause of light being scattered and haziness of the water. When the scattered light is more intense‚ it indicates a higher level of turbidity. It is measured in Nephelometric Turbidity units (NTUs) or it could be measured in
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health risk as it extends microbial survival. Most treatment systems are designed to remove microbiological contamination and those physical constituents which affect the acceptability or promote microorganism survival largely related to the suspended solids in the water. A disinfectant is nearly always included in treatment plants of any size. Pinang Tunggal water treatment plant produce 227‚000 cubic meter per day of treated water. The source of raw water for the plants is from the Muda Dam through
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Sedimentation is the process of separating a liquid mixture of suspended particles into clear supernatant liquid and denser slurry having a higher concentration of solids. This is usually accomplished by allowing the particles to settle through the force of gravity‚ mechanically using centrifugal force‚ or electrostatically using an electric current. Continuous sedimentation tanks are usually used in wastewater treatment facilities to separate suspended particles from wastewater. This experiment aims to determine
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concentration of solid. According to Perry ()‚ sedimentation is the partial separation or concentration of suspended solid particles from a liquid by gravity settling. This field may be divided into the functional operations of thickening‚ whose purpose is to increase the concentration of suspended solids in a feed stream; and clarification whose purpose is to remove a relatively small quantity of suspended particles and produce a clear effluent. Classification of Settleable Solids There are different
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1000 | | - | 6000 | - | Floatables | - | N | N | N | - | - | - | Odour | - | N | N | N | - | - | - | Salinity | o/oo | 0.5 | 1 | - | - | - | - | Taste | - | N | N | N | - | - | - | Total Dissolved Solids | mg/l | 500 | 1000 | - | - | - | - | Total Suspended Solids | mg/l | 25 | 50 | 50 | 150 | 300 | > 300 | Temperature | oC | - | Normal +2 | - | Normal+2 | - | - | Turbidity | NTU | 5 | 50 | 50 | - | - | - | Faecal Caliform* | counts/100ml | 10 |
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Water may contain several ions‚ namely anions and cations which are toxic to humans. Hardness is the scum on water surface from significant concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. Total dissolved solids is the measure of dissolved solids that are ionic in water. Turbidity is the presence of suspended solids in water which reduces penetration of light‚ resulting in a decrease concentration of oxygen. Acidity is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the water body. A pH of 5.5-7.5 (meaning slightly
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Sediment or Turbidity -- Most waters contain some suspended particles which may consist of fine sand‚ clay‚ soil‚ and precipitated salts. Turbidity is unpleasant to look at‚ can be a source of food and lodging for bacteria‚ and can interfere with effective disinfection. Total Dissolved Solids -- These substances are dissolved rock and other compounds from the earth. The entire list of them could fill this page. The presence and amount of total dissolved solids in water represents a point of controversy
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was the typical for domestic residue. The characteristics of the leachate are presented in Table 1. TABLE 1 TYPICAL COMPOSITION OF THE GIBRALAR LEACHATE - 1985 Parameter Unit Value Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Chemical Oxygen Demand Totals Solids
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3 Textile Organic Dyes – Characteristics‚ Polluting Effects and Separation/Elimination Procedures from Industrial Effluents – A Critical Overview Zaharia Carmen and Suteu Daniela ‘Gheorghe Asachi’ Technical University of Iasi‚ Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection‚ Romania 1. Introduction The residual dyes from different sources (e.g.‚ textile industries‚ paper and pulp industries‚ dye and dye intermediates industries‚ pharmaceutical industries‚ tannery‚ and Kraft
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