that fired-up Japanese industrialization and helped establish its modernization path. This started when Japan’s pre-modern political system and its feudal society (1603-1865): the Edo Period‚ led by the Tokugawa Shogunate‚ with its band of radical samurais was ended in 1868. The Tokugawa Shogunate/central Government at Edo was weak‚ corrupt‚ and incompetent to cope with foreign pressures. In the chaotic and desperate circumstances that ensured‚ some rural educated Samurais led the banner of the emperor
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demarcation is 1868‚ the date of the Meiji Restoration. Pre-Meiji Japan Tokugawa Period (1600-1868) = Period of Great Peace = Maintenance of the status quo = Domains and Daimyō frozen in status 1. Official ideology -- Neo-Confucianism Before Tokugawa period‚ Confucianism played subordinate role in Japanese thought. Confucianism remained a secular moral and political philosophy. Leaders of the Tokugawa Shōgunate established Neo-Confucianism‚ based on the teachings of Chu Hsi (1130-1200)
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The Samurai and the Bakumatsu Era Eric Lemaire 12/09/05 English Comp I Mrs. Halperin The Bakumatsu Era was a crucial period of Japanese history at the end of the Tokugawa Era or Edo Period. It was a period of war and anarchy that was brought about by the introduction of western culture and constant battles between the imperialists and the loyalists. During this time and throughout history‚ the samurai or bushi played an integral
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As the state expanded‚ the Manchu used the traditional Chinese bureaucracy to help rule (Upshur 549). For the most part they maintained a system of checks and balances in their government. As the Kamakura shogunate declined a series of civil wars followed paving the way for the Tokugawa shogunate. Unlike the Manchu they used a feudal government system‚ incorporating emperors. A point of difference from the two is their ruler’s origins. The Manchu owed their success to Nurhachi and his son Abahai who
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Sapna Rampersaud From the time of the Gempei Wars (1180-1185) between the Taira and Minamoto families and the rising of the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 1600’s‚ the Japanese government generally declined. As provincial families dominated the diminishing imperial court‚ there was a severe decline of the central administration and the supreme authority dissipated. Rival families‚ Taira and Minamoto‚ fought for 5 years in the period of Japanese history known as the Gempei Wars. During these 5 years
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The sempai-kohai-relationship is another vertical relationship where seniors who are more experienced are duly respected by juniors who lack the experience and who needs to learn from seniors. We can draw many parallels with Neo Confucian ideas and Tokugawa social structure where there is a deep reciprocal relationship between the vertical rungs. Employers and seniors are expected to treat their inferiors with benevolence and to selflessly impart their knowledge and skills in exchange for unwavering
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1.Jiedushi（节度使） regional military governors in China. Originally set up to counter external threats‚ the jiedushi were given enormous power‚ including the ability to maintain their own armies‚ collect taxes‚ and pass their titles on hereditarily. Powerful jiedushi eventually eclipsed the power of the central government; the jiedushi retained their powers and quickened the disintegration of the Tang Dynasty. （618-907） 2.Fanzhen (藩镇) a governmental system involving administration through regional
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measures in order to keep one primary and dominating religion. At this time‚ the national religion in Japan was Shintoism‚ and the Shogunate controlled all aspects of the religion‚ and because of this‚ they were more reluctant to convert to Christianity. Before the seclusion laws‚ Japan was split into several ununified regions led by Daimyos. In 1603‚ the Tokugawa Shogunate unified Japan into one state‚ and later enacted the Sakoku seclusion laws. These laws were a large turning point for the state
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Tradition: The Last Days of Feudal Japan C. A. Pollock Mark Ravina. The Last Samurai: The Life and Battles of Saigo Takamori. Hoboken‚ NJ: John Wiley & Sons‚ Inc.‚ 2003. 265 pages. Hardcover $32.50; softcover $16.95. During the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the succession of a modernizing Meiji government‚ the so-called Satsuma Rebellion of 1877 became the definitive last stand of Japanese feudalistic resistance towards modernization. The life of Saigo Takamori‚ the books subtitle and the
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Japan’s attitude toward foreign domination changed drastically over the years. Since the early 1600s‚ during the reign of the Tokugawa dynasty‚ the shogun made every effort possible to enforce a rigid isolation policy. He closed all ports except for one to foreigners. Anyone who left the country or allowed foreigners in were sentenced to death. However‚ by the mid-1800s‚ Japan began to reconsider their seclusion from the rest of the world. In 1850‚ Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Japan‚ accompanied
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